Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653INFLUENCE OF FUNGICIDES AND ANTAGONISTIC YEAST PRODUCTON POSTHARVEST STRAWBERRIES QUALITYAbstractCristina PETRIOR 1 , Gheorghe CÂMPEANU 2 , Elena DELIAN 21 Research Station for Fruit Tree Growing Baneasa, 4 Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd.,District 1, Bucharest, Romania2 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaCorresponding author email: crisstop@yahoo.comDecay of fruits after harvest often causes loss as a great 30-40% of harvest crop. Much of this is due to rotmicroorganisms which are currently controlled by fungicides and antagonistic yeast treatments but they may havepotential toxicity on human health and the environment. Biological control of postharvest diseases presents analternative and attractive option. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of preharvest application offungicide treatments on decay and quality of strawberry fruit and during storage. Strawberry fruits were analysed inall experimental variants for quality parameters (dry matter, titratable acidity, soluble solids, ascorbic acid content,anthocyanins) at harvest and after cold storage. The results obtained indicates that preharvest applicationof antifungic treatments maintaing quality of strawberry postharvest and during storage and reduce the appearance ofgray mold. Vitamin C and soluble solids slightly decreased after cold storage period for both control and treatmentsvariants. Also, preharvest treatment does not affected the total anthocyanins content in fruit at harvest and during coldstorage.Key words: biologic control, Botrytis cinerea, decay, fruit quality.INTRODUCTIONlarge volumes. Due to high moisture, sugarsand acids content, these fruits are highStrawberries are known as a highly perishableperishable, being an ideal substrate for thefruit and susceptible to mechanical injury,proliferation of microorganisms, such as fungusphysiological deterioration and microbialof the generous: Botrytiscinerea and Rhizopusdecay, but very appreciated by the consumersstolonifer.(Costa et al., 2011). However, aAmong the main problems associated with theconsiderable amount of strawberry fruit is lostquality of strawberry, we can distinguished theduring fruit growth and after harvest becausegrey mold (Botrytis cinerea) a common type ofdecay.rottenness that attacks the fruit during any of itsThe flavour is one of the most importantdeveloping stage, and is the main diseaseproperties that gives commercial value to theduring ripening time. (Sesan, 2006; Wszelakifruits in generally. Strawberry flavor isand Mitcham, 2003).conditionated in part by the balance betweenDue to the high affinity to rotting, researchessugars and acids expressed in ripe fruit. It isare being conducted to find a method ofvery important to know the best stage at whichconserving the fruit for a longer period by thewe can harvest the fruits. Attempts have beenuse different methods in order to make itsmade to assess the stage of ripeness oftransport to farther markets viable.strawberry fruits in terms of titratable acidity orPromising results have been achieved usingsugar/acid ratio.antagonistic microorganisms to effectivelyThe high perishability of strawberry is theinhibit postharvest pathogens ofreason for its relatively short period of harvestcompels the producer to sell the fruitsdifferent harvested commodities (Abano andimmediately, evidently prejudicing him withSam-Amoah, 2012; Zhao et al, 2011;respect to the reduced price due to its sale inXianghong and Shiping, 2009; Grabenisan etal., 2007; Janisiewicz and Korsten, 2002).219
Taking into the account these and the fact thatfruits are eaten especially by the children andby the people with health problems, theresearchers are concerned to find storagemethods without chemicals like syntheticfungicides (De Souza et al.,1999; Sanz et al.,1999). The cold storage atmosphere preventsdecay development by retarding pathogenicmicroorganisms growth and reducing pathogenenzyme activity (Menel et al., 2012).The use of synthetic fungicides render severeside effects affecting the environment andhuman health. The usage of antagonistic yeastproduct against postharvest pathogens offers aviable option with hopeful results.The potential use of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast was studied and emphasize by someauthors for corn and sorghum species (Piccininet al., 2005; Roncatto and Pascholati, 1998).Until now, in literature there are very fewinformation about the effects of S. cerevisiaeyeast on disease and maintaining qualitypostharvest of strawberry (Gouvea et al., 2009).Therefore, the objective of this study is toevaluate the combined effect of antagonisticyeast (based on S.cerevisiae), syntheticfungicides and cold storage to prevent decaydevelopment and extend the shelf life ofstrawberry.MATERIALS AND METHODSStrawberry cultivars studied were Favette,Cardinal, Pandora, Hood. For all cultivars wereapplied three plant treatments prior toharvest, in different stages: at full bloom, fruitonset and preripening of fruit in threeexperimental variants:V1-control-plants was sprayed with distilledwaterV2-plants was sprayed with Topsin solutionV3-plants was sprayed with antagonistic yeastproduct (suspension of Saccharomycescerevisiae)Samples were taken from 15 fruit at harvestand after 6 days during cold storage (4º-5ºC).There were three replication for the assays ineach treatment, and the experiment wasrepeated in two seasons. Fruits qualityattributes was analyzed by specific methods:- dry matter was measured by drying someknown amount of fresh fruit to a constantweight in a oven at 105°C, the results wereexpressed in percentage- soluble solids content (SSC) was determinedby measuring refractive index of strawberryjuice using an Abbe refractometer withtemperature correction, and the results wereexpressed as ° Brix- titratable acidity (TA) content was measuredby titration of fruit juice with solution 0.1 NNaOH until reaching an endpoint of pH 8.1and expressed as a percentages of citric acid-the ratio between the soluble solids contentand the titratable acidity, which reflects thefruit taste feature, was derived.- ascorbic acid content wasspectrophotometrically determined using the2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol method and theresults were expressed as mg /100 g FW- total anthocyanins content was determinatedusing the pH diferential method (Giusti andWrolstad, 2001). The pigment content wascalculated and expressed as pelargonidin-3-glucoside/100 g FW, the most abundantanthocyanin in the strawberry fruit.- the presence of Botrytis cinerea was visuallyevaluated during the experiment, expressed asa percentage of fruit showing decay symptoms.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSStrawberry fruits were analyzed in allexperimental variants for quality parameters atharvest and after 6 days of cold storage (4-5ºC) in the aim to evaluate influence ofantifungic treatments on fruit qualityevolution.The dry matter content remained practicallyconstant at Favette and Pandora cultivars atharvest for all 3 variants (table 1). However wecan observe an increase of dry matter for V2and V1 variants at Cardinal and Hood at harvest. Afterstorage dry matter increased slightly in case allvariants studied for all four cultivars (table 2).The fruits treated with antagonistic yeast (V3)had higher levels of the SSC to control for allcultivars studied at harvest stage. These resultsare in accordance with dates obtained byGouvea et al., 2009. Strawberry fruit SSCdecreased slightly after 6 days of coldstorage for all three variants studied. Similar220
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
Page 169 and 170: Table 4. The significance of differ
Page 171 and 172: The studied phenophases (table 1),
Page 173 and 174: REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
Page 175 and 176: Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
Page 177 and 178: occurrence in western part of Roman
Page 179 and 180: Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
Page 181 and 182: well adapted in our country, and th
Page 184 and 185: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 186 and 187: Variations in acidity of the variet
Page 188: grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
Page 191 and 192: Flow cytometry has proved to be an
Page 193 and 194: cell nuclei, using chromosome count
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
Page 197 and 198: Interpretation of the results conce
Page 199 and 200: Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
Page 201 and 202: Dry matter (determinate refractomet
Page 203 and 204: was evaluated by using a large-size
Page 208 and 209: During the growing season have been
Page 212 and 213: Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
Page 216 and 217: Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
Page 218: REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
Page 223 and 224: postharvest decays in fruits and ve
Page 225 and 226: manure semifermentated. In vegetati
Page 227 and 228: Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
Page 229 and 230: temperature required for a differen
Page 231 and 232: MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
Page 233 and 234: climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
Page 235 and 236: quantities of sugar accumulated in
Page 237 and 238: ibosomal to investigate 13 species
Page 239 and 240: Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
Page 241 and 242: productionand uses. Center for trop
Page 243 and 244: analysis of variance to express the
Page 245 and 246: highlighted by a correlation coeffi
Page 247 and 248: without heat and in open field. Cro
Page 249 and 250: ut the fruit had a reduced number o
Page 251 and 252: Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. The main characteristics o
Page 258 and 259: Data were subjected to statistical
Page 260 and 261: Also, the dry biomass and root leng
Page 264 and 265: “Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
Page 266: 2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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