Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE MULTIPLICATION IN VIVO OFLISIANTHUS FOR PROMOTING IN ROMANIAN GREEN HOUSESMaria CANTOR, Rodica POP, Iudita Elisabeta CSETE, Buta ERZSEBET, Anca HUSTIUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Horticulture, 3-5 ManasturStreet, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaAbstractCorresponding author email: marcantor@yahoo.comCurrent concerns of plant growers in Romania are to improve the flowers assortment with new species. Our researchesfocused on herbaceous ornamental plant Lisianthus russelianus Hook., (Eustoma grandiflora L.). It is a relatively newspecies in the range of cut and potted flowers for her beautiful colored and vase life. The new species introducedrequires establishing efficient multiplication techniques. The biological material used in the experience were seeds fromSakata company (USA), represented by three cultivars: ‘Echo Lavender’, ‘Flamenco White’ and ‘Mirage Pastel Pink’.Also vegetative multiplication by cuttings was experimented on different culture substrate. Plants were grown ingreenhouses of USAMV Cluj-Napoca and Botanical Garden “Alexandru Borza” Cluj-Napoca. The results obtained willbe using for Romanian growers for diversification their assortment in greenhouse.Key words: eustoma, cultivars, propagation, seeds, cuttings, Gentianaceae.INTRODUCTIONLisianthus is a relatively new species in therange floricultural, Japan being the largestproducer. Lisianthus is a species with greathorticultural potential in Romania.Lisianthus is a moderately cold-tolerant annualor biennial plant native to the southern part ofthe United States and Mexico (Roh andLawson, 1988), belong to Gentianaceae family.In Texas is popularly known as 'blue bell','prairie rose' or 'prairie gentian'. Genus namealludes to the beauty calyx and corolla, theflower look is glossy, satin and beautiful border(„lisieé” in French means smooth, glossy).From crossing wild forms, which shows blueflower petals, resulting in improvement worksform a large flower perfection extremely variedin color and shape.In Europe started to be cultivated only after the1970s. After France, the Netherlands rankssecond in the culture of this beautiful flower. InRomania the first cultures were establishedfrom Companies Codlea and early cultureswere initiated at University of AgronomicSciences Bucharest since 1989 (Cantor, 2009).This plant grows to 50-75 cm in height with20-40 flowers. By nature, Lisianthus initiallyforms a rosette and grows very slowly duringthe winter, stems elongate in the spring, and it303flowers in summer (Roh et al., 1989). In recentdecades, breeders have developed a variety ofcultivars with respect to many traits such asuniform flowering throughout the year, lack ofrosetting, heat tolerance, flower color, andflower size and form, including double flowersetc (Harbaugh, 2006). The importance of thisornamental flower is due to its beauty, diversityof colors, excellent keeping quality, and widerange of different forms (Ali et al., 2008,Kanwar and Kumar, 2009). It is known that tothis genus Lisianthus (Eustoma) are belonging27 species, herbaceous and woody plants. It is arelatively new species in the range of cut andpotted flowers.Due decorative qualities lisianthus culture'sexpansion took in most of Europe and thusflower growers and enthusiasts have expresseda particular interest in this crop. Lisianthusflowers are much used by those who deal withflower arrangements and bouquets for differentoccasions. Lisianthus is highly regarded notonly as a cut flower, and as the plant pot.Currently, in our country, lisianthus culture isnot widespread, although there is marketdemand. Most flowers sold and used by floristsare imported from Holland.For the new species introduced are requiredefficient multiplication techniques to beestablished.
Eustoma randiflorum is commonly propagatedby seed or cutting. Sexual propagation used toobtain seedlings seeds brought from abroad(Netherlands, USA, France, etc). From a gramof seeds can be obtained about 8000 plants(Bala, 2010).Generally, sowing the plants of Lisianthus is inautumn or January-February. Industrial culture,sowing can be done in half, and according tothis period, the number of days to floweringmay vary.Propagation by cuttings is less practiced.Cuttings are cut to a length of 10 to 15 cm(which have three pairs of leaves) and placedon the substrate of peat and perlite, sand orperlite simple. Rooting takes place for 40-50days. The disadvantage of this method is thatthe percentage of shoots of the plant is weaker,we get a few plants and can easily transmitdiseases and pests (Toma, 2009).MATERIALS AND METHODSFor the new species introduced are requiredefficient multiplication techniques to beestablished. The study was about conventionalpropagation methods, by seeds. The biologicalmaterial used in the experience comprised inseeds from Sakata Company, represented bythree F 1 hybrids of Lisianthus russelianus:„Echo Lavender”, „Flamenco White” and„Mirage Pastel Pink”. These were used toobtain plants to start the in vitro and in vivoexperiments in order to establish thegermination and the rooting rates. Seeds weretreated thiuram pelleted. The biologicalmaterial presents the following characters:,,Echo Lavender”. It is one of the mostpopular cultivars with early flowering. Plantsare vigorous in spring, while in summerdroughts become more fragile. The leaves are5-8 cm long, elliptical, slightly sharp andsucculent; they look dull and bluish-greencolor, with 3-5 ribs clearly visible. Summerflower buds open in cones than 5 cm indiameter, showing many shades of purple.,,Flamenco White”. The flowers are simple, issuitable for cultivation in summer whentemperatures are high and days are long. Stemsare vigorous and flowers on top of them arewhite. Leaves are skin, colored bluish green,located opposite the stem. Stem height is 50cm. Blooms two weeks earlier than hybridMirage Pastel Pink.,,Mirage Pastel Pink”. Flowers are simple,ideal for summer flowering. Has smaller petals,and are resistant to transport. The flowers arepink, with the little white. The leaves are greenand vigorous stems are about 40-50 cm inlength. It is resistant to high temperatures andbotrytis.Experience was made in greenhouses ofUSAMV Cluj-Napoca and the greenhouses ofthe Botanical Garden Alexandru Borza Cluj-Napoca.Propagation by seedsSowing was done on 04.03.2011, in smallpockets trays using the neutralized peatsubstrate. The seeds were sown on the surfacebecause they are photosensitive (germinate inthe presence of light). Greenhouse temperaturewas 20-22°C during germination, and thendecreased to 18-20°C. Relative humidity was70-75% and 80-85% of the substrate,maintaining this level through daily watering.Germination occurred at 21 days, after whichobservations were made on the percentage ofgermination. During the period of germinationwere assured maintenance, or weeding,watering and ventilation greenhouse. Lisianthusfrom each hybrid were sown one hundredseeds.After about six weeks on 4/24/2011 plantsproduced two little leaves true. Four days later,on 05.28.2011 was carried out firsttransplantation in alveolar larger trays, then on6/10/2011 moved in pots 7x7cm (Figure 1).304
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Page 258 and 259: Data were subjected to statistical
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Page 277 and 278: Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Page 293 and 294: Results from table 8 shows that Mar
Page 298 and 299: Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
Page 302 and 303: Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
Page 306 and 307: Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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Page 313 and 314: The values of pH diminished in all
Page 315 and 316: Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Page 331 and 332: Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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Page 348 and 349: MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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