Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653AbstractSOME CONTRIBUTIONS ON INTRODUCTION OF THEGENUS ABIES MILL. SPECIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVAVasile BUCATELBotanical Garden (Institute) Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 18 Padurii Street, Chisinau,MoldovaCorresponding author email: vbucatsel@mail.ruThe main objectiveof the presentpaper is to studythe biological peculiaritiesof the genus Abies species andformsgrowing and newly introduced in the Republic of Moldova, by their subsequent identification of the mostperspectives. As a resultof the investigationsfor the first time arerefined the taxonomicalcomposition that include 23species, 3 hybrids and 26 forms and cultivars. The questions ofgrowth and development, also the peculiaritiesofflowering andseed-bearing are studied. Thesustainability of the species and forms ofthe genus Abiesto unfavorableenvironmental factors i. e. to drought hardiness experimentally are established. The peculiaritiesof seed andvegetativepropagationare investigated. For the first timeare tested variousways ofgrafting for decorative formsoffir in thesoil andclimatic conditions. Based on the analysis of obtained data are proved the perspectiveof breeding somespeciesandgarden formsby vegetative ways. The optimal grafting terms,graftingmodalities and their modificationswithreference to the conditions are recommended. A result of investigationsselected andrecommended for usein greenbuildingthe mostornamental speciesand cultivars offir.Key words: introduction, coniferous, fir, species, cultivars.INTRODUCTIONFir (Abies Mill.) is a genus of evergreen forestformingwoody plants in which are providedmore than 50 main species is one of the oldestof the eleven existing genera of the pine(Pinaceae Lindl.). The species of this genuspredominantly in mountainous regions of thenorthern hemisphere, where they form darkconiferous forest are widespread. The most ofthem in the area of sub-zones of middle andsouthern taiga of Siberia and North America, aswell as in the mountainous forests of thetemperate and subtropical zones of Central andSouthern Europe, North Africa and foreignAsia are located ( . . ., 1986).The species of genus Abies have a number ofvaluable ornamental qualities necessary ingreen building - this is the durability andmonumentality, the high sanitary andrecreational properties and the emotionalimpact on people. These properties incombination with a diversity of ecologicalpeculiarities of different species of fir it can besuccessfully used to create park, forest park,and other types green spaces.285The introduction in green plantingscomposition the introduced species is one ofthe perspective ways of enrichment thebiological diversity, as well as increasing theaesthetic value of cultural landscapes. Therepresentatives of the genus Abies does notgrow in natural conditions of the Republic ofMoldova. The first steps on introduction of firsrelate to the second half of XIX century –beginning of XX in the gardens and parks ofthe landlords ( . . 1957; . ., 1967). Furthermore, the experience onintroduction of Abies species was accumulatedin the botanical gardens and arboretums and,particularly active fir has been implementedfrom the middle of XX century. However, up topresent not yet summarized the rich experiencein creating and growing of fir plantings in theRepublic of Moldova.MATERIALS AND METHODSAs biological material for the investigationswere served the species and cultivars of Abiesgenus, which grows in the Botanical GardenAcademy of Sciences of Moldova (the old andnew territory), arboretums, parks and squares