Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is a very demanding crop in soilmoisture due to shallow the root system. In theabsence of rainfall during critical periods ofplant development (growth period of shootsand fruit formation) and to avoid adverseeffects on raspberry fruit crop requiresirrigation plantation. Still made on rainfall datafrom the period of observation during the years2002-2010 are included in Table 1.Table 1. Rainfall during the research period (mm)Months 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010III 58.7 12.4 31.0 14.8 89.1 33.7 35.6 70.8 29.0IV 30.6 34.9 28.0 49.5 36.6 36.5 43.2 2.7 45.1V 10.4 20.6 75.0 75.8 97.1 19.0 42.6 33.3 69.2VI 60.1 21.6 11.0 104.8 81.6 23,7 62.8 39.0 85.0VII 133.4 17.4 10.0 17.6 53.0 3.6 50.2 67.2 67.2VIII 80.6 27.4 25.6 150.9 67.7 33.8 30.8 32.6 53.0IX 47.1 52.7 69.6 4.9 57.8 24.8 77.7 21.7 46.7X 84.2 62.1 33.4 11.0 13.6 71.0 16.0 29.6 68.9IV-IX 446.4 236.7 374.6 429.3 491.5 246.1 358.9 297.4 464.1year 618.0 376.4 651.9 660.3 560 474.4 460.5 455.1 735.2According to Table 1 analysis of data onrainfall amount shows that the minimum annualprecipitation that has accumulated in 2003 yearwas 376.4 mm, and the largest amount wascollected in 2005 year in the amount of 660.3mm, although rainfall during the year and thevegetation period were uniformly distributed,including during critical periods of growth anddevelopment of the raspberry plant. The highestof monthly precipitation fell in August, 2005 inthe amount of 150.9 mm, in July 2002 year to133.4 mm, in June 2001 year to 129.5 mm.The smallest amount of monthly precipitationfell in July 2007 to 3.6 mm, in September 2005to 4.9 mm in August 2001 to 5.4 mm. Airtemperature and soil moisture are important ondevelopment and deployment of raspberryphenological phases. Temperature during theobservation period is presented in Table 2.season aier, which reached only the value of15.71°C, compared to the highest values of18.69 º C, set in 2007.It also showed the lowest average annualtemperature of only 9°C in 2003, comparedwith the highest temperature of 11.5°C,recorded in 2007.Air temperature during 2007 for June, July andAugust with corresponding values of +23.6,25.8, 23.9°C, which was the highest for theentire period of observations. Especially insummer air temperature ranged between +17.9and +27.7 values and C. Phases phenologicaldevelopment of raspberry plants depends on thevariety and other factors, but in particular onclimatic conditions of the year, Table 3.According to phenological observations(Tables 1, 2, 3), and meteorological datarecorded in 2003 year, fell the least amount ofannual rainfall-376.4 mm was recorded and thelowest average annual temperature +9°C, andin vegetation period + 15.71 º C, which led tothe late burgeoning of raspberry plant at April21 during the researches.Air average temperature higher than usual,recorded in February by + 4.9 º C and +7.2 º Cin March of 2002 year contributed to the earlybudding of raspberry plant from March 20.Phenological phases carrying the raspberryplants, during researchTable 3. Phenological phases carrying the raspberryplants, during researchPhenologicalphases2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 meanbeginning ofvegetation20.03 21.04 25.03 10.04 09.04 29.03 05.04 24.03 03.04Durationbetween phases44 28 51 39 42 43 30 46 45 46flowering 02.05 18.05 13.05 19.05 21.05. 10.05 04.05 08.05 18.05Durationbetween phases43 31 34 27 30 36 47 35 35 33Fruit maturation 14.06 19.06 15.06 14.06 19.06 15.06 20.06 12.06 22.06Table 2. Air temperature during research, (0C)Months 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010III 7.2 1.0 5.4 2.3 2.6 7.1 7.2 3.2 3.4IV 10.4 8.5 10.8 10.5 10.9 10.6 11.0 12.2 11.0V 17.9 11.5 14.8 16.5 15.6 18.9 15.5 16.4 16.8VI 20.1 1.2 19.3 18.6 19.7 23.6 20.9 21.1 21.0VII 24.3 21.6 21.7 27.7 22.1 25.8 22.3 23.9 23.1VIII 21.3 22.6 21.1 21.8 22.2 23.9 23.8 23.0 24.9IX 16.6 15.6 15.9 18.3 17.1 16.7 15.5 18.7 16.1X 9.5 9.2 11.4 17.2 12.1 11.3 12.5 11.6 7.5III-X 17.2 15.7 16.43 18.66 17.1 18.69 17.36 18.13 17.20year 11.0 9.0 10.29 11.43 10.2 11.5 11.4 11.3 10.62The 2003 year was marked by the lowestaverage of temperatures during the growing106Raspberry plants flowering usually begins inearly May, although some delays may occur upin the second half of May, depending on theamount of assets accumulated temperatureneeded to start the phenological phases. Lengthof time between phenological stages of buddingand flowering varies between 28-51 days. Sincethe beginning of flowering until early fruitmaturation medium passes in a period of 27 to47 days.