Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

it is A.alba and A.concolor. The other speciesare used for creating decorative groupings inbotanical gardens, arboretums, old parks, aswell as in private gardens. Seasonal the growthof shoots is one of the main periods of woodyplants life, closely related with climaticconditions of growing.The study of growth and development ofintroduced plants in different soil and climaticconditions allows to judge about theiradaptation to the new environment and toidentify the existence of perspective for theeconomy. Our observations showed that inCentral of Moldova (Chisinau) at theinvestigated species of fir the growth axialshoots begins in late April – early May, with anaverage daily temperature of 8-16 o C. The endof growth in most species occurs at the end ofJune – beginning of July. Deadlines ofbeginning and end of growth vary from year toyear, so that the duration of growth is different.The most intensive growth of shoots isobserved in May. Blossoming and seed wearingis an important moment in the life of any plant.The entry into generative phase is one of thecriteria for assessing the success of plantintroduction. Under the conditions of RepublicMoldova 'blossom' and form seeds of 16species of fir. Their strobilation occurs in thefirst half of May, with an average daily airtemperature 9-18° C and the sum of positivetemperatures 290-480° C. Strobilation periodvaries from year to year, is dependent on theweather and lasts from 6 to 12 days. Seedripening begins in the first decade of October.Whole period of cones from flowering tomaturity, depending on the species, lasts 100 to130 days. For the full development necessitatesthe sum of positive temperatures – 2150-2800°C. The determination of the quality seeds hasshown high laboratory germination (over 70%)in A. concolor, A. nordmanniana and A.numidica, average (40-50%) at A. alba, A.sibirica, A. pinsapo and low (10-25%) in otherspecies. In our opinion low seeds germinationis due to the insufficient number of trees of thatspecies. As a result of experimental study (thetesting into the water chamber ofultrathermostat UT-15) was established moreexpressed heat resistance of fir species needleswith blue color as compared to green. It isknown that an important role in the287introduction plays winter hardiness, of plants,moreover in the process of acclimatization, itcan change. Currently, 90% of cultivatedspecies of the genus Abies have the highestscale of hardiness - I. The part of species has atransitional point, depending on the climaticconditions of the year - I-II. During the periodof investigations types and forms of fir showedthe complete drought resistance, i. e. in allcases was observed the drought resistance - Vby M. R. Duval-Stroev five-point scale [1966].We have also investigated the peculiarities ofseed reproduction. In our experiment, seeds ofthe local reproduction were used. In theresearch program was to identify the optimalgrowing seedlings of some fir species, for whatwere tested different variants and substratesand pre-sowing preparation of seeds, as well asdifferent sowing dates. The higher germinationof seeds group up to 56% of A. concolor and A.nordmanniana on the substratum consisting ofsod soil and river sand (3: 1) was attested. Theuse of chemical solutions (potassiumpermanganate - 1%, heteroauxin - 0.01%,superphosphate - 0.5%) for pre-sowingpreparation of seeds led to a significantincrease in soil germination. Along with theseed method of reproduction, which for themost species of Abies was the major, we carriedout the experimental study on the impact ofdifferent growth factors on the rooting ofcuttings dwarf cultivars. We have précised andexpanded the reproduction methods of fircuttings. The higher percentage of rooting from40 till 55% of the cuttings had the followingcultivars: A. balsamea Nana, A. concolorCompacta, A. koreana Piccolo, A.lasiocarpa Compacta. For the first time in thesoil and climatic conditions of RepublicMoldova was carried out researches oninoculations different species and cultivars ofthe genus Abies. The periods, optimal methodsand the impact of chemicals on the intergrowthof inoculations were studied. In our countrygreat attention was paid to the involvement ofdifferent fir species and cultivars bytransplantation methods. On the basis of theobtained data, we formulated the followingconclusion that a highly ornamental fir speciesand cultivars should be propagated by grafting.The optimal for the reproduction is in thefissure of axial sprout through the apical buds