Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653SOME MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DIRECT SOWED SWEET CORNFerenc OROSZDepartment of Vegetable and Mushroom Growing, Faculty of Horticultural Science, CorvinusUniversity of Budapest, H-1118 Budapest, Ménesi u. 44, Budapest, HungaryAbstractCorresponding author email: ferenc.orosz@uni-corvinus.huIn our trial we compared the effect of propagation time and floating cover on the growing season on some valuableproperties of sweet corn. The following technological variations were compared with the help of the variety Spirit(normal sweet, very early ripening): 1. direct seeded plants with floating cover (with 2 sowing dates); 2. direct seededplants without cover (with 2 sowing dates). The covering by earlier sowing time had favourable influence on plantshighness, ear weight, ear length and no influence on tassels length, and dept of seeds. The covering by later sowingtime had favourable influence on tassels length, ear weight, ear length and dept of seeds and no influence on plantshighness.Key words: sowing time, plants covering.INTRODUCTIONBased on its present growing area, the sweetcorn is the vegetable which is grown on thegreatest area in Hungary. After dates ofHungarian Fruit & Vegetable InterprofessionalOrganization in 2003 the growing area wasabout 38,000 hectares. After 2003 followed asudden and sharp decline, so in 2005 thegrowing area was “just” 24,000 hectares. Afterdiminishing, the plant returned in rise, in 2006against over 30,000 hectares.As early as in the beginning of the 20 th centurysome researchers (Cserháti, 1901) highlightedthe importance of the sowing date. Ripeningcan occur earlier when sowing earlier and usinghigh quality seeds as compared to normal orlate sowing. I’só (1969) and Pásztor (1966), aftertheir multi-year sowing date trial, concluded thefollowing: in the case of an earlier sowing seedgermination will be more protracted, but from thepoint of view of fruit maturing it was morefavourable than late sowing.Also I’só and Szalay (1966, 1969), studied occurof maize generative phenophases. They concluded,that by earlier sowing germination will bemore protracted, but silking and harvesting occursooner than by lately sowing time.After multi-year trial Berzsenyi et al. (1998)have studied the effect of different sowingtimes on maize development. Direct seededsweet corn under vlies cover showed earlierripening and gave better yields in theexperiments of Kassel (1990).In case of direct seeding, as propagationmethod, another earliness increasing solution isthe temporary covering with plastic or vlies,used in different combinations (Hodossi andKovács, 1996).About the covered early sowing as atechnological variation (Aylswirth, 1986)mentioned, that from an early sowed crop,made in first week of April, arranged in twinrows (42 cm) and covered by plastic, we couldharvested marketable cobs.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe experiment was set up in 2008 on an areaequipped for irrigation at the ExperimentalFarm of the Faculty of Horticulture of theCorvinus University of Budapest.The results of the analysis of the soil samplecollected at the beginning of 2006 from the trialarea prior to direct seeding are contained inTable 1.Table 1. Soil analysis results279
The pH of soil was considered calcarous. Thenutrient content of soil in nitrogen was low, inphosphorus very good and in potash good.The test variety was Spirit, a normal sweet cornwith a very early growing period (85 days).Average plant height is 159 cm, ear height is 37cm. Average ear length was 19.6 cm in thevariety comparison trials carried out by theCentral Agricultural Office and average earweight was 245 g (Kovács, 2002).The following treatments were applied duringthe experiment:P1 = uncovered direct seeded (April 8 th ), P2 =covered direct seeded (April 8 th ), P3 = covereddirect seeded (April 21 th ), P4 = the control,uncovered direct seeded (April 21 th ).By both sowing times (April 8 th and April 21 th )a part of the stand was covered with Novagrylfloating row cover having a weight of 19 g/m 2at the two propagation times in order toenhance earliness. The floating row cover wasremoved on May 13 th . The stand was created tocontain 60,607 plants per hectare, according tothe recommendations of the owner of thevariety, at a spacing of 110+40x22 cm in twinrows. Each plot had an area of 6x7m (8 parallelrows and 30 seeds sown in each row). The edgewas the outer two rows of the 8 rows of theplot, respectively. All treatments were set up infour replications.Fertilization was done by top dressing with N.No farmyard manure was applied.During the experiment, we studied some plantmorphological properties according to thefollowing:highness of plants (cm), length of tassels (cm),Ears, together with the husks, were collectedfrom the four central (two twin) rows. Afterthat 20 ears of average appearance wereselected from each row and the followingmeasurements were carried out: unhusked earweight (gram), total ear length (cm), depth ofseeds (mm).The statistical analysis of the results wascarried out by using the programme RopStat1.1. When the standard deviations wereidentical the mean values were compared bypairs using the Tukey-Kramer test, while in thecase of the non identical standard deviations themeans were compared using the Games-Howelltest (Vargha, 2007).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSThe highness of plants (cm) is represented inthe figure 1.Figure 1. Highness of plantsThe effect of covering (P2) was favourable onplant high compared to uncovered (P1)treatment by earlier sowing time. The highestvalue of plant highness was registered by plantsof (P4 control) treatment, difference wassignificantly (at p
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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Page 239 and 240: Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
Page 241 and 242: productionand uses. Center for trop
Page 243 and 244: analysis of variance to express the
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Page 247 and 248: without heat and in open field. Cro
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Page 251 and 252: Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Page 258 and 259: Data were subjected to statistical
Page 260 and 261: Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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Page 269 and 270: microspore to mature pollen, determ
Page 271 and 272: microspores at certain date. Micros
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Page 275 and 276: The objective of this paper, is to
Page 277 and 278: Table 1. Relationship between germi
Page 282 and 283: Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
Page 284: ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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Page 293 and 294: Results from table 8 shows that Mar
Page 298 and 299: Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
Page 302 and 303: Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
Page 306 and 307: Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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Page 311 and 312: observations made on the plants of
Page 313 and 314: The values of pH diminished in all
Page 315 and 316: Figure 5. Content of total soluble
Page 317 and 318: Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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