Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653AbstractUSE OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS ON DIFFERENT SOIL TYPESFROM TRANSYLVANIAN PLAINErzsebet BUTA, Mihai BUTA, Maria CANTOR, Denisa HORT, Anca HUSTIUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj,3-5 Manastur Street, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaCorresponding author email: ebuta2008@yahoo.comThe paper include necessary issues to help specialists in landscape architecture to choose dendro-floricol assortment,which exploit the studied maximum potential edaphic conditions, given the multitude of requirements expressed byflower plants to edaphic environment. To highlight the issues shown above it was chosen to exemplify some soil typesfrom Transylvanian Plain where soil conditions are not the best for all ornamental plants. Thus we studied andanalyzed the main physico-chemical properties of calcareous soils, sandy, acidic soils and substrates with moistureexcess. The main ornamental plants presented in this paper are adapted to these extreme conditions and can be asolution for use in landscaping.Key words: soil types, ornamentals, landscape design.INTRODUCTIONSoil occupies a well settled place in thebiosphere, finding the boundary between twoworlds, lithosphere and atmosphere, formingthe so-called pedoshere. It is known that thesoil has an important influence on health andplant growth rate. The soil has a stronginfluence on the plants (Reed, 2011). Theknowledge of soil types helps in keeping andgrowing plants effectively and the use of soiltype required for plant will be essential in thegrowth and development of its faster (Pauletteet al., 2010).This paper is based on the study of plantsgrown on different soil types and it’s a helpinghand in choosing these for specific conditionsor places in the garden.In most soils, the relative proportion of clay,sand, and silt particles influence its physicaland chemical nature. The main exception ispeaty soil, which is dark in color and rich inorganic matter. Peaty soils are derived fromsedges or mosses, which have decomposed inwaterlogged conditions. They are acidic andmoisture-retentive, providing ideal conditionsfor acid-loving plants like rhododendrons(Reed, 2011).Clay soils are fertile but are slow to warm inspring, sticky, and slow-draining after rain,baking hard in dry weather. Silty soils feel silky295or soapy and are easily compacted. Sandy soilsfeel gritty and will not stick together to form aball (Reed, 2011; Paulette et al., 2010). Theyare light and free draining and quick to warm inspring, but they will need frequent irrigationand fertilizing. Chalky soils are alkaline,usually pale in color and stony, with chunks ofalkaline minerals visible on the surface. Theyare often shallow and sometimes sticky. Theideal soil type is a loamy one, which has anapproximately equal mixture of clay, silt, andsand. Loamy soils are good for the widestpossible range of plants (Reed, 2011).Bellow is presented the studied soil types andthe dendro-floricol assortment.MATERIALS AND METHODSSoils were analyzed according to the“Methodology of soil study development-ICPA-1987 (Research Institute for Pedologyand Agrochemistry) completed by soilclassification as SRTS-2012 (Romanian SoilToxonomy System).1. Calcaro-rendzic leptosols (WRB – SR-1988) present the next succession of horizons:Am A/R Rrz.The phisico-chemical properties of calcarorendzicleptosols is characterized by: fieldcapacity (CC%) between 23 and 41%; wiltingcoefficient (CO%) 6-14%; available moisture
holding capacity (CU%) 4.5-7.1%; the contentof organic matter is middle; the content of N ismiddle for the entire soil profile 0,172-0,262%;the mobile P is low in the entire soil profile(10-16 ppm); the content of mobile K is middlefor Am and low for A/R; cation exchangecapacity (T) is 37-38 me/100g soil; degree ofbase saturation V% is higher 87-92%; the soilpH is slightly alkaline (Buta, 2009).Due to favorable physicochemical properties,calcaro-rendzic leptosols are distinguishedthrough a very high fertility.Many of the world’s favorite plants occurnaturally on alkaline or limestone soils. Theyinclude pinks, clematis, and many of the jewellikealpine plants found growing on thelimestone mountains of Europe and Asia. Soilsover limestone are almost invariably alkaline innature, but they can also be very fertile if theyare deep and rich in organic matter – a wealthof plants give their ornamental best on suchsoils (Reed, 2011; Cantor, 2008). For calcarorendzicleptosols the following species arerecommended: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana‘Intertexta’, Fraxinus ornus, Morus nigra,Buddleja sp., Cornus mas, Cotinus coggygria,Deutzia crenata ‘Nikko’, Helianthemum‘Rhodanthe Carneum’, Potentilla fruticosa ‘RedAce’, Campsis radicans, Jasminum nudiflorum,Clematis ‘The President’, Aspleniumtrichomanes, Colchicum autumnale, Dicentraspectabilis, Amarantus caudatus, Dianthuscaryophyllus, Cheiranthus cheiri,Alyssummaritimum, Iresine lindenii, Iresine herbstii,Myosotis alpestris, Cercis siliquastrum,Platycodon grandiflorus, Pulsatilla vulgaris,Rudbeckia laciniata ‘Herbstsonne’, Cotoneasterfranchetii, Leontopodium alpinum (Selaru,2007; Iliescu, 2006).2. Calcaric arenosols (WRB – SR-1988)present the next succession of horizons: Ap AoA/R A/B ka.The phisico-chemical properties ischaracterized by: field capacity (CC%) between27 and 39%; wilting coefficient (CO%) 22-23%; available moisture holding capacity(CU%) 3.7-16.10%; the content of organicmatter is low for the entire profile; the contentof N is low for the entire soil profile 0.112-0.130%; the mobile P is low in the entire soilprofile (4-8 ppm); the content of mobile K ismiddle for Am – 135 ppm and low for A/R –29674 ppm; soil texture is sandy for the entireprofile > 57% sand (Buta, 2009).The recommended dendro-floricol assortmentis the following: Stipa gigantean, Portulacagrandiflora, Salvia splendens, Celosia argenteavar. cristata, Delphinium cultorum, Santolinachamaeciparyssus, Hibiscus syriacus, Betulaermanii, Pinus sylvestris Aurea Group, Robiniapseudoacacia ‘Frisia’, Cytisus x praecox, Ericaaustralis, Lavandula pedunculata subsp.Pedunculata, Lavatera x clementii, Perovskia‘Blue Spire’, Phlomis fruticosa, Achillea‘Walther Funcke’, Dictamnus albus, Eremurusrobustus, Eryngium x tripartitum, Lupinus ‘TheChatelaine’, Oenothera macrocarpa,Ornithogalum umbellatum, Salvia officinalis‘Tricolor’ (Reed, 2011; Toma, 2009).3. Distric cambisols (WRB – SR-1988)present the next succession of horizons: Ao BvC.The majority of acid-preferring plants areoriginally from woodland areas, and they prefera cool, more or less shady environment and asoil that is leafy, organic, and moist butwelldrained. In nature, such soils are fairlyfertile because nutrients are annuallyreplenished by the recycling of fallen leaves.There are also many acid-preferring plants thatneed or tolerate more open sites in sun, such aswitch alder, Lithodora diffusa ‘Heavenly Blue’,and most heather (Reed, 2011; Draghia, 2011).The phisico-chemical properties of districtcambisols is characterized by: field capacity(CC%) between 25 and 32%; wiltingcoefficient (CO%) 7-10%; available moistureholding capacity (CU%) 25-32%; the contentof organic matter is low; the content of N ismiddle for the entire soil profile 0.150-0.260%;the mobile P is low in the entire soil profile (
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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Page 251 and 252: Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Page 258 and 259: Data were subjected to statistical
Page 260 and 261: Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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Page 275 and 276: The objective of this paper, is to
Page 277 and 278: Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Page 284: ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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Page 293 and 294: Results from table 8 shows that Mar
Page 298 and 299: Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
Page 302 and 303: Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
Page 306 and 307: Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
Page 308: espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
Page 311 and 312: observations made on the plants of
Page 313 and 314: The values of pH diminished in all
Page 315 and 316: Figure 5. Content of total soluble
Page 317 and 318: Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
Page 319 and 320: Carol the second, her brother, on h
Page 321 and 322: Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
Page 323 and 324: Cults, and in conformity with the c
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Page 329 and 330: MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
Page 331 and 332: Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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