Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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epresenting the fluorescence intensity of apopulation of nuclei. Their intensity (positionof the histogram) is proportional to the amountof nuclear DNA (Figure 1).Figure 1. Frequency distribution histograms of fluorescence intensity stained with propidium iodide (PI) (A, A. argutaR8P23; B, A. chinensis ‘Soreli’; C, A. arguta 108P10, D, A. deliciosa var. deliciosa cv. Hayward K; Log values offluorescence intensity% CV for nuclei are given on each histogram).The comparison between the position of thesample’s peak and the internal standard’s peakgive a ratio of relatives intensities. The ploidylevels are calculated by comparingexperimental values with the value obtainedfrom Pisum sativum sample having a knownploidy level.As a result, ploidy analysis in which the DNAcontents of Arguta sp. collection, nuclei werecompared to those from a specie having knownploidy (Pisum sativum 2n=2x).This comparison can be made either betweentwo analyses performed under identicalconditions, or, in our case, through mixing thetwo samples for simultaneous measurement.Counting chromosomes in Actinidia speciesand their hybrids is technically difficult due tothe high numbers of chromosomes involvedand their small size. Chromosome numbershave been reported for only a few species butthe data support a polyploid sequence 2n = 2x,2n = 4x, 2n = 6x with x= 29. To determineploidy, the number of basic chromosome sets in191
cell nuclei, using chromosome counting individing cells is an unambiguous way and istime consuming, that is way a high-throughputsolution is to use flow cytometry, makingpossible a rapid and reliable ploidy estimation.CONCLUSIONSFlow cytometry (FCM) was originallydeveloped as a rapid technique to analyse bloodsamples for medical diagnosis and is nowadaysused for countless medical applications by theanalyses of individual cells at high speed. Inplant sciences, and breeding in particular, flowcytometry is mainly known as a tool for ploidyanalysis. The first ploidy applications focusedon crop plants (De Laat et al. 1987) and plantbreeding still dominates this field.The method is fast, accurate and simple andreplaced microscopic chromosome counts sinceGalbraith et al. (1983) introduced choppingwith a razor-blade as an easy standard protocolfor plant analysis.At different stages in plant breeding flowcytometry generates valuable information. Aswell for the selection of parent plants forhybridisation as for the evaluation of hybrids,ploidy determination or genome size analysesare useful. Flow cytometry is an indispensabletool in polyploidisation to screen plants treatedwith mitotic inhibitors.Such conclusions clearly highlight theindispensability of cytotype determination(most effectively realized by FCM) in anyexperimental study that may involveheteroploid plant samples.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPart of this work was supported Department forInnovation in Biological systems, Food,Agriculture and Forestry (DIBAF), Universityof Tuscia. We greatly thank Dr. GiuseppeScapigliati, Phds. C. Marozzi, Mr. GiusseppeZuccherelli for their assistance and thecollections of plant materials, and to SectoralOperational Programme Human ResourcesDevelopment 2007-2013 ''Doctoral and postdoctoralresearch support'POSDRU/107/1.5/S/76888.REFERENCESChen Z.J., Z. Ni., 2006. Mechanisms of genomicrearrangements and gene expression changes in plantpolyploids. Bioessays 28, p. 240–252.De Laat A.M.M., Gohde W., Vogelzang M.J.D.C., 1987.Determination of ploidy of single plants and plantpopulations by flow cytometry. Plant Breed 99, p.303-307.Dolezel J., Greilhuber J., Suda J., 2007. Flow Cytometrywith Plant Cells Analysis of Genes, Chromosomesand Genomes. Online ISBN:9783527610921Ferguson A.R., 1999. Kiwifruit cultivars: breeding andselection. Acta Hort. 498, p. 43–51.Ferguson A.R., Bollard E.G., 1990. Domestication of thekiwifruit. Kiwi fruit science and management.R.Richard Publ. N.Z., p.165-246Ferguson A. R.,Huang H., 2007, Genetic Resources ofKiwifruit: Domestication and Breeding, HorticulturalReviews, Volume 33.Galbraith D.W., Harkins K.R., Maddox J.M., AyresN.M., Sharma D.P., Firoozabady E., 1983. Rapidflow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in intactplant tissues. Science 220, p. 1049–1051.Hopping M. E., 1994. Flow cytometric analysis ofActinidia species, New Zealand Journal of Botany,32:1, p. 85-93Huang , H., A.R. Ferguson., 2001. Kiwi fruit in China.N.Z. J. Crop Hort.29, p. 1-14.Huang H., Wong J., 2000. Genetic diversity in the genusActinidia. Chinese Biodiversity 8, p. 1-12.Jones, J.R., Ranney T.G., Lynch N.P., Krebs S.L., 2007.Ploidy levels and genome sizes of diverse species,hybrids, and cultivars of Rhododendron L. J. Amer.Rhododendron Soc. 61, p. 220–227.Kataoka I., Mizugami T., Kim J.G., Beppu K., FukudaT., Sugahara S., Tanaka K., Satoh H., Tozawa K.,2010. Ploidy variation of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidiaarguta) resources and geographic distribution inJapan. Journal Scientia Horticulturae 124, p. 409–414Ranney, T.G., 2006. Polyploidy: From evolution to newplant development. Proc. Intl. Plant Prop. Soc. 56, p.137–142.Soltis, D.E., P.S. Soltis, and J.A. Tate. 2004. Advancesin the study of polyploidy since plant speciation. NewPhytol.161, p. 173–191.192
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
Page 142 and 143: If we take into account the both fa
Page 144 and 145: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 146 and 147: F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
Page 148: HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
Page 151 and 152: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
Page 156 and 157: The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
Page 158 and 159: Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
Page 162: Molecular differentiation showed a
Page 165 and 166: The characterization of the grapevi
Page 167 and 168: Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
Page 169 and 170: Table 4. The significance of differ
Page 171 and 172: The studied phenophases (table 1),
Page 173 and 174: REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
Page 175 and 176: Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
Page 177 and 178: occurrence in western part of Roman
Page 179 and 180: Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
Page 181 and 182: well adapted in our country, and th
Page 186 and 187: Variations in acidity of the variet
Page 188: grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
Page 191: Flow cytometry has proved to be an
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
Page 197 and 198: Interpretation of the results conce
Page 199 and 200: Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
Page 201 and 202: Dry matter (determinate refractomet
Page 203 and 204: was evaluated by using a large-size
Page 208 and 209: During the growing season have been
Page 212 and 213: Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
Page 216 and 217: Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
Page 218: REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
Page 221 and 222: Taking into the account these and t
Page 223 and 224: postharvest decays in fruits and ve
Page 225 and 226: manure semifermentated. In vegetati
Page 227 and 228: Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
Page 229 and 230: temperature required for a differen
Page 231 and 232: MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
Page 233 and 234: climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
Page 235 and 236: quantities of sugar accumulated in
Page 237 and 238: ibosomal to investigate 13 species
Page 239 and 240: Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
Page 241 and 242: productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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