Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653RESEARCHES ON THE MICROSPOREGENESESAND POLLEN TUBE DEVELOPMENT OF SOME CHERRY VARIETIESIN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONSAbstractMaria IORDACHEResearch-Development Station for Fruit Trees- Growing Baneasa,4 Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd., District 1, 71592, Bucharest, RomaniaCorresponding author email: mioaraiordache@yahoo.comBiological characteristics of pollen formation and development are dependent on weather conditions in the winter andearly spring thermal stabilization. In the last years, the weather disturbances manifested by late frosts, affected,mainly, physiological processes in mature pollen, which occurred by the reducing pollen germination capacity both asa percentage and also the development in terms of development in length (LPT) of the pollen tube. It were used specificmethods Carnoy fixation for high lighting the microsporogenesis stages and the germination on liquid medium in orderto selection optimal variants for the maximum potentialities of the pollen biological value. The work has been done onRomanian varieties of sweet cherry with different periods of ripening: Boambe de Cotnari, Severin, Daria, fromResearch & Development Station for Pomiculture Baneasa orchards. We observed a normal evolution at the anthers anthe trades level of microspores, consisting a good premise for the germinative manifestation capacity of the pollen. Invitro conditions of the developmentdynamics of the pollinic tube varied from 18% at 45% as dominant values. Inconclusionwe was considered germinated pollen all the granulates that had pollinic tubes length approximately equalwith double the diameter pollen. Key words: cherry, length pollen tube, microsporogenesis.INTRODUCTIONMicrosporogenesis is determined by geneticfactors and is dependent or conditioned duringhis deployment, by sudden thermal fluctuationsin winter wich often produce profounddisturbances.Microsporogenesis begins with reductiondivision (R!) and marks the passagethetransition from deep winter rest to optional rest(Bordeianu et al.,1961; Tarnavschi, 1963). Transition to the tetrad stage, then uninucleatemicrospores and pollen stage transition tobinucleat pollen, depends onPollen maturation phase corresponds to thebiological threshold (+6.5°C) for swelling buds(Ivacu, 2002).Gonzales et al. (2001), in its study onmicrosporogenesis, said on the other specieseconomic value, there is no strict relationshipbetween the type and configurationmicrosporogenesis fourfold orientation isstrongly influenced by tree especially duringmeiosis and there is also no direct correlation267between the type and diaphragmmicrosporogenesis mature pollen grains.Hedhly et al. (2004), said the pollengermination is the stage preceding the polenictube growing in stil. Each of these two stages(germination and pollen tube growth isstimulated (driven) by ambient thermalconditions such as: moderate temperature thatstimulates the stigma secretion, increases theadherence of the pollen and promotes thegermination and the slightly higher temperatureaccelerate the pollen tube growth and simulatesthe process of fertilization (Hedhly, 2004).Concerning nutrition media for the pollengermination consulted in national literature ondifferent species of fruit trees, these contains1,5% agar-agar (Cociu, Oprea, 1989; Butac etal., 2006; Blidariu et al., 2008), but also withsome exceptions such as liquid medium(Iordache et al., 2010).The object of this paper/research, is theanalysis of the pollen through microscopicallymethods, microsporogenesis determination,degree of maturation pollen by the evolution ofsporoderma, the final size from young
microspore to mature pollen, determination/analysisof pollen viability and germinationcapacity, and the relationship betweenvariations of media and dynamic pollen tubegermination, of three Romanian varieties ofcherry.These three varieties of cherry are available inour plantation of fruit trees and have not beeninvestigated (studied) and characterized fromthis point of view.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn 2011 there were evaluated microscopicallythree Romanian cherry cultivars with mediumand late ripening period: Severin, Daria, andBoambe de Cotnari. The age of the treesalternates between 7 and 9 years and belong tothe Baneasa SCDP collection. The samplesconsisted of flowering buds and open flowersthat were harvested as follows: flowering budswere collected in February-March and in Aprilthe flowers were collected in the first day ofanthezis and then the flowering buds.Flowering period lasted approximately 7 days.The flowering shoots were first fixed in Carnoysolution for several hours then preserved inethanol 70ºC (Andrei et al., 2003).Open flowers and the buds being opened(balloon stage) were analyzed immediatelyafter harvest (not being necessary orappropriate their setting and preserve).By dividing into sections (severing) theflowering buds that are being in progress(stage) before the swelling buds (pre-swelling)and swelling of the bud stage (March-April),we obtained the necessary data in the processof observing the early stages of themicrosporogenesis (tetrad with microspores,both very young and young microspores, thegradual appearance of the specific elements ofsporoderma, the apertures forming, etc.)The microscopical examination af samples inMarch has made on permanent preparations inglycerin gelatin, using optical microscopy IORtype ML4-M. It was used objectives 10x, 20xfor camera and 40x for microscopicexamination.For better observation (examination) of themorphological elements (features) mentioned,the preparations were stained with Carmin268Acetic Acid (ACA) or Methylene Blue vitaldye alcoholic solution (Andrei et al., 1972).They highlighted easier the differences betweenthe microspores with normal maturation of theimmatures, were identified viable microsporesby the non viables.At the pollen viability were estimated (V%)viability and germination capacity (G%) foreach variety separately. They used anthersextracted from several flowers forming ahomogeneons sample that represents faithfullythe biological potential of the pollen at thattime. Viability (V%) was expressed as apercentage in comparison of the viable pollenwith all pollen grains of microscopic fieldsexamined.To assess (estimate) the capacity ofgermination (G%), anthers were placed in eachsmall bottle as indicator (watch glass) and fewdrops of distilled water for hydration for pollenrelease.These unessential process and comparable withnatural hydration of pollen on the stigmasecretion (Xie B. et al., 2010).The pollen contained in each watch glass wasan sample mean for the cultivar examined.From the sample mean of each variety havebeen sowings of germination media twodifferent concentration of sucrose (15% and20%).The culture media that are used to the assess ofthe pollen germination are liquid media(distilled water) containing and 0,01% boricacid (H 3 BO 3 ).For each concentration of sucrose were seededthree versions (v 1 , v 2 , v 3 ) with which (by meansof them) was tasted the action of some flowerparts on (upon) germination.For the safety results were made in all threerepetitions (parallel sowing) as follows:- v 1 – the drop of liquid medium has beenseeded only with pollen;- v 2 – the drop of liquid medium has beenseeded with pollen together with pestle;- v 3 - the drop of liquid medium has beenseeded with pollen accompanied by emptyanthers.Pestle was introduced to try a simulation of theconditions in vivo referring to the stimulatingeffects that gineceu induced on the germinationrelease (on the stigma) and then on thedevelopment of the pollen tube. Pestle but
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Page 216 and 217: Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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Page 223 and 224: postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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Page 227 and 228: Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
Page 229 and 230: temperature required for a differen
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Page 233 and 234: climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
Page 235 and 236: quantities of sugar accumulated in
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Page 239 and 240: Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
Page 241 and 242: productionand uses. Center for trop
Page 243 and 244: analysis of variance to express the
Page 245 and 246: highlighted by a correlation coeffi
Page 247 and 248: without heat and in open field. Cro
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Page 251 and 252: Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Page 258 and 259: Data were subjected to statistical
Page 260 and 261: Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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Page 271 and 272: microspores at certain date. Micros
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Page 275 and 276: The objective of this paper, is to
Page 277 and 278: Table 1. Relationship between germi
Page 282 and 283: Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
Page 284: ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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Page 293 and 294: Results from table 8 shows that Mar
Page 298 and 299: Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
Page 302 and 303: Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
Page 306 and 307: Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
Page 308: espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
Page 311 and 312: observations made on the plants of
Page 313 and 314: The values of pH diminished in all
Page 315 and 316: Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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