Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653PEACH CROP PROTECTION IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURECONDITIONS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM FARMSVasile JINGA 1 , Carmen LUPU 1 , Roxana DUDOIU 1 , Andreea PETCU 2 , Gigel-Gabriel LUPU 3Abstract1 Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest,8 Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd., District 1, 71592, Bucharest, Romania2 Research and Development Station for Fruit Tree Growing-Baneasa,4 Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania3 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,59 Marasti Blvd., Bucharest, RomaniaCorresponding author email: vasile.jinga@icdpp.roScientific work aims to promote disease management systems of fruit trees stone group (peach), using chemicaltreatment methods with low impact on the environment and human health, which contribute to increase crop qualityand quantity. Research has been conducted on peach species cultivated in Research and Development Station for FruitTree Growing-Baneasa, Bucharest, in the climatic conditions of the year 2012. Stigmina carpophila was the pathogenfor which measures have been taken for its prevention and control. Treatments against pathogen were applied atwarning, depending on the biological reserve of the vegetation period and the climate evolution in that year. Among thefive fungicides used, the best results were obtained with the products Score 250 EC and Systhane C PU.Key words: peach orchard, disease control, ARM software.INTRODUCTIONPrunus persica L. culture has a high economicvalue on national as well as on internationallevel. Production and fruits marketing is thegoal of an intense modern trade. Annually, thetrees suffer from attacks of various pathogenscausing crop diseases which develop dependentto the climate conditions of the year and to thecultivated variety (Ivascu, 2002; Delian, 2006).Long term use of pesticides in pomiculture andignoring its side effects, have had negativeconsequences towards the environment (Hozaet al., 2000; Burzo et al., 2005). Nowdays, themore severe requirements regarding theenvironment protection and health orchards ledto the development of ecological selectivemethods (Toncea, 2001) specifically for thecrops pest control (Jinga et al., 2008). Thetreatments applied during the vegetation perioddetermine the improvement of the yield’squality and quantity (Delian et al., 2012).MATERIALS AND METHODSThe evaluation of several plant protectionproducts efficacy against the main studiedpathogens for the peach culture was developed81during several visits at the Research andDevelopment Station for Fruit Tree Growing-Baneasa. There were taken biological samples(plants with pathogen attack symptoms) fromthis orchard and there were isolated the mainpathogen agents. The isolated pathogens wereused in laboratory experiments for testing thesenew plant protection products proposed in thetechnology. After the laboratory trials, therewere also performed field treatments, duringthe spring season, in the vegetation period, withfungicides, followed by establishing theefficacy of the tested products. In the Prunuspersica L. orchard there were carried outtreatments in order to prevent and control theattack of the main fruit’s pathogens. The attackrate was calculated with the formulas RA%=F*I/100, F%-frequency of the attacked organs,I – intensity of the organ’ attack. The testedpeach variety was Victoria, which is a sensitiveone. During the laboratory trials was tested thebiological action of the following products:Dithane M45, Bravo Folicur Solo 250EW,Score 250 EC and Systhane C PU. It was useda method based on the inclusion of the testedfungicide into the PDA medium, in 5 differentconcentrations. The medium was poured in
Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi were placedon the medium, and it was observed the growthof the colonies compared to control fungi,growth on medium without fungicide (Baicu etal., 1996; Severin et al., 2001). For eachfungicide concentration was calculated theinhibition percent of the mycelium growth(Alexandri, 1982; Geamanu, 2006).The field trials of the fungicides selected afterthe laboratory tests were made in the 2012spring season. There were used the followingvariants:V1 = untreated controlV2 = Dithane M45 0.2% concentrationV3 = Bravo 500 SC 0.15% concentrationV4 = Folicur Solo 250 EW 0.1% concV5 = Systhane C PU 0.1% concentrationV6 = Score 250 EC 0.02% concentrationWeather conditions during application:Table 1. 1 st treatment 04-04-2012Temperature of air19.2°CRelative humidity 54%Wind speed 0.8Wind directionNCloud cover (%) 0Rainfall with 1 week before of spraying0.4 mmRainfall with 2 weeks after spraying0 mmFirst rainfall after spraying and its amount 15-05-2012Table 2. 2 nd treatment 06-05-2012Temperature of air13.9°CRelative humidity 72%Wind speed 0.5Wind directionNECloud cover (%) 0Rainfall with 1 week before of spraying0.4 mmRainfall with 2 weeks after spraying3.4 mmFirst rainfall after spraying and its amount 19-05-2012Table 3. 3 rd treatment 09-06-2012Temperature of air19.6°CRelative humidity 64%Wind speed 0.7Wind directionNCloud cover (%) 0Rainfall with 1 week before of spraying0 mmRainfall with 2 weeks after spraying0 mmFirst rainfall after spraying and its amount 24-06-2012There were applied 3 treatments on the 4 thApril, 6 th May and 9 th June, in accordance withthe meteorological conditions, and theobservations took place 8 days after eachtreatment, taking into account the frequency(PESING) and the intensity (PESSEV) of theattack. The observations targeted the Stigminacarpophila pathogen which produces the shothole disease (Figure 1).The treatments were carried out using theSOLO atomizer pump (Figure 2).Studies regarding the experimental models ofthe proposed technology took place in an 8years Prunus persica L. orchard, at Researchand Development Station for Fruit TreeGrowing-Baneasa, in order to establish the rateof infectious load from this area.It was used the classical testing method whichconsist in 6 variants in 4 replications with 5trees per each variant in random disposal.82
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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Page 35 and 36: Maintainance of the genetic structu
Page 37 and 38: Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
Page 39 and 40: Experimental scheme is situated in
Page 41 and 42: improvement especially laboratory s
Page 43 and 44: Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
Page 45 and 46: Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
Page 47 and 48: Experience consisted of the followi
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. Total production on plantV
Page 51 and 52: vineyard, several methods were used
Page 53 and 54: Table 4. Structure and number and r
Page 56 and 57: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 58 and 59: gets serious role through the ferme
Page 60 and 61: Table 3. Element content of the ber
Page 64 and 65: Figure 4. The length of internodes
Page 68 and 69: The process of fruit forming was de
Page 72 and 73: Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
Page 76: Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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Page 81: and quality of organic potatoes for
Page 85 and 86: Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
Page 90 and 91: Analyzing the dynamics of the total
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
Page 96 and 97: Table 3. The Influence of the level
Page 98 and 99: Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
Page 102 and 103: Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
Page 104: Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
Page 107 and 108: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
Page 109 and 110: CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
Page 111 and 112: observations were made on phenologi
Page 113 and 114: Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
Page 118 and 119: content, A-acidity content) to the
Page 120 and 121: sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
Page 124 and 125: Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
Page 126 and 127: Appearance of the apricots after 5
Page 130 and 131: where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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