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Index of Paper Presentations for the Parallel Sessions - Academy of ...

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capabilities <strong>for</strong> stakeholder engagement, monitoring and control <strong>of</strong> NGOs. Regarding <strong>the</strong>ory, weargue that nei<strong>the</strong>r transaction cost nor resource-based view <strong>of</strong>fer a complete explanation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>deficiencies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current governance structure against HIV/AIDS. However, <strong>the</strong>se <strong>the</strong>ories cancomplement each o<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>of</strong>fering a more holistic explanation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> phenomenon.Our analysis based on 53 in-depth interviews with managers working in government andnongovernment sector as well as policy documents shows that <strong>the</strong> government adopts agovernance structure that is a hybrid <strong>of</strong> hierarchical and market structures. The hierarchy comesfrom <strong>the</strong> power imbedded in National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) as 1) an importantsources <strong>of</strong> funds <strong>for</strong> its implementers—States/UTs (Union Territories) and NGOs and 2) as <strong>the</strong>driver <strong>of</strong> national policies on HIV/AIDS. The market component allows responsiveness to localfactors in <strong>the</strong> various states/UTs in India. We conclude that <strong>the</strong> various government entitiesparticipating in every National AIDS Control Program (NACP) phase lack <strong>the</strong> capabilities torecognize <strong>the</strong> set <strong>of</strong> skills required by NGOs to per<strong>for</strong>m <strong>the</strong> various tasks <strong>the</strong>y have beendelegated. In addition, <strong>the</strong> government lacks <strong>the</strong> capabilities to monitor <strong>the</strong> progress towards acomplex but key objective in <strong>the</strong> fight against HIV/AIDS—behaviour change. While <strong>the</strong> threephases <strong>of</strong> NACP have reasonable objectives and explicit demands <strong>for</strong> different governancestructures; NACO‘s lack <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> appropriate capabilities to govern and monitor key stakeholderresults in misalignment or governance failure (Williamson, 1991).MethodWe used an inductive approach to infer patterns <strong>of</strong> order and structure from empiricaldata collected through public reports and interviews (Robinson, 1951). We interviewed 53 senior<strong>of</strong>ficials representing 30 government and nongovernment organizations mostly based in Delhiand Mumbai. These included <strong>the</strong> GOI, Indian and international nonpr<strong>of</strong>it social marketingagencies, Indian and international NGOs, international funding agencies, United Nations bodies,

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