Index of Paper Presentations for the Parallel Sessions - Academy of ...

like Tamil Nadu, where condom use with sex workers increased (MAP, 2004). Despiteachievements in education and condom distribution there still remain several nodes, especially inrural areas, that seem to have been resistant to change and/or NACO‘s initiatives have to fullyreach them.In NACP-III, NACO is empowering SMOs and CBOs to becomes agents of behaviourchange and effectively distribute and promote condoms (NACO, 2007). This new approachacknowledges that social interactions (e.g. between sex workers and clients or among sexworkers) when addressed appropriately can facilitate the adoption of new and safer behaviours(Low-Beer & Stoneburner, 2004).Governance structuresNACO by way of developing the three different phases of NACP changed thegovernance structure from hierarchy in NACP-I to a more market oriented system in NACP-III inwhich key responsibilities in the fight against HIV/AIDS are delegated to the SACS but moreimportantly to CBOs. Understanding the changes in governance structure, more importantly theimplications of such changes, is important because social objectives may be compromised ifindependent goals pursued by stakeholders (e.g. funding agencies, quasi-governmentalinstitutions, NGOs, SMOs and local governments) contradict with each other,. Thus, to overcomethis divergence between individual organizations and society, the GOI needs to properly governthe interactions between the issue (HIV/AIDS) and the stakeholders.To this end, we made use of the transaction cost theory to understand the governancestructure required by the three NACP phases and influenced by transaction particulars.Transaction cost theorists argue there are three governance structures: hierarchies, markets andhybrid (a combination of market and hierarchy).Hierarchy works under centralized information and constrains managerial discretion ofsocial organization (e.g. type of initiatives to be funded) out of a fear that the autonomousbehaviour may jeopardize the central organization‘s objective. Under this governance structure