The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The ... - josephprestonkirk

156 IMPACT OF QUMRAN TEXTS ON PAULINE THEOLOGY
below probably originated in the community (e.g., 1Q/4Q Rule of the
Community for the most part, 9 1Q/4Q Hodayot, 10 Cairo Damascus Document
[CD]/4Q–6Q Damascus Document, 11 and the pesharim), either at Qumran
itself, perhaps at some other location in the beginning of the community,
or in “all their settlements” outside (1QS 6.2; par. 4QS d [4Q258] 2.6); to
simplify matters I speak in all three cases of the “Qumran community”
or “Qumranian.”
The paper has the following structure:
A. Eschatology and Present Salvation
1. The Eschatological Revelation of God’s Righteousness
2. New Creation Now
3. Present Salvation and Hope
B. The Community as Temple of God and as “Children of Light,”
a New Covenant, the Common Meal, and Predestination
1. The Community as Temple and God’s Plantation
2. The Community as “Children of Light”
3. A New Covenant
9. The instruction on the two spirits (1QS 3.13–4.26; partly parallel in 4QpapS c
[4Q257] 5–6; cf. 1 En. 41:8–9) is apparently pre-Qumranian, though there is no full
evidence that 4QS d (4Q258) and 4QS e (4Q259) have not included 1QS 1–4 (“rather
speculative,” say Philip S. Alexander and Geza Vermes, in Qumran Cave 4.XIX:
4QSerekh Ha-Yah[ad [ed. P. Alexander and G. Vermes; DJD 26; Oxford: Clarendon,
1998], 131). It seems clear that the instruction is certainly not missing in 4QS b
(4Q256). 4QpapS a (4Q255) frag. A (but hardly 4QS h [4Q262] frag. A) was presumably
part of another redaction of the instruction (cf. Sarianna Metso, The Textual
Development of the Community Rule [STDJ 21; Leiden: Brill, 1997], 25–26, 49–51, 91–93,
113–14; Metso [25] counts it “highly improbable” that 4QS b did not include the
instruction; see also the further remarks of Alexander and Vermes, ibid., esp. 37,
192–93). On the instruction, cf. Armin Lange, Weisheit und Prädestination: Weisheitliche
Urordnung und Prädestination in den Textfunden von Qumran (STDJ 18; Leiden: Brill, 1995),
127–28; idem, “Qumran 1,” TRE 28:45–65 (see 57); Jörg Frey, “Different Patterns of
Dualistic Thought in the Qumran Library: Reflections on Their Background and
History,” in Legal Texts and Legal Issues (ed. M. J. Bernstein, F. García Martínez, and J.
Kampen; Leiden: Brill, 1997), 275–335.
10. References to columns and lines of 1QH a follow the reconstruction by
Stegemann as recently republished by Hartmut Stegemann (in great and independent
agreement with Émile Puech): “The Number of Psalms in 1QHodayot a and Some of
Their Sections,” in Liturgical Perspectives: Prayer and Poetry in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed.
E. G. Chazon; STDJ 48; Leiden: Brill, 2003), 191—234 (see Appendix 1, 224—26). In
passing I also refer to the editio princeps by Eleazar L. Sukenik, The Dead Sea Scrolls
of the Hebrew University (in Hebrew, 1954; Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1955). The same
way of referring to 1QH a is used in The Text from the Judaean Desert: Indices and an
Introduction to the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series (ed. E. Tov et al.; DJD 39;
Oxford: Clarendon, 2002), 310–13 (see 310n17).
11. Cf. Lange, “Qumran 1,” 60.