reynolds-the-quran-in-its-historical-context-2

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322 Sidney Griffithunknown or untraceable to the milieu of the Arabic Qur' an. In the process, itopens the way for an appreciation of the Qur'an's integrity as an mt,er-:tex·tuscripture, responding to, critiquing and reprising the scriptural tradition whichclaims to present in its final form as willed by the one God. .Since· the Qur'an insists that it is an Arabic Qur'an, addressing themessages of the past anew, in good, clear Arabic to a new, AI·abic-imeal
324 Devin J. StewartMore r~cently, Jaroslav Stetkevytch has written a work that looks at theSiilii.J and Thamiid as it can be partially reconstructed from IslamicPerhaps less successful, but nevertheless suggestive, are broad comparativeof Islamic and earlier Semitic material that claim a more or less direct coJane:cticbetween Islamic and primordial Semitic forms, particularly DavidMuller's study of strophic poetry, which in his view is a prophetic formconnects the Qur' iin; the Hebrew Bible, cuneiform literature, and even theof Greek tragedy. 3Such studies are counter-balanced by the recent work ofHawting, whothat the "pagan" material in the Qur'iin is not actually pagan. He pointscorrectly, that monotheists often call each other pagan when arguingthemselves, as an insult or in order to score points in debate, without rpf;.r""""actual pagans. It is thus unlikely, in his view, that the Qur'iin reflects pagan ·gious texts or cultural practices that were common in Arabia, usually heldthe original setting of the Qur'iin's revelation. He does this in part toWansbrough' s thesis that the Qur' an was produced outside the Arabian Penirtslilla;mainly on the grounds that it shows too deep an awareness of Jewish andtian traditions and is engaged in complex debates over polemical issuesrepresentatives of these traditions. 4 In my view, both Hawting and W.am;broriJmare wrong in this instance. Significant evidence shows that the pre-Islamicwere thoroughly familiar with Judaism and Christianity, which had eachlished a strong presence in Arabia and neighboring territories long beforeadvent of Islam. The Qur'anic material that appears to derive from ore:-1smrr11cpagan religious tradition in Arabia is probably just that, and is too extensive,detailed, and too inscrutable to be written off as the product of polemicalhurled by monotheists at their fellows.Form criticism may prove to be a fruitful approach to the material in thethat is related to pre-Islamic, pagan religious traditions. 5 Knowledge ofconventions of pre-Islamic genres of religious speech may help to explainpassages in the Qur' an, including some that are on the face of it quite -----''·-·and also help to define the relationship of the Qur'iin and Islam to wc;·•~•,.JJmreligious traditions. In this case, however, form criticism is a difficult nnrto •..,.~t,:n;~.2 J. Stetkevych, Mul.zammad and the Golden Bough: Reconstructing Arabian .Myth, BlcJomingltoii::Indiana University Press, 1996.3 MOller investigated strophic poetic forms in the Bible, cuneiform texts, the Qur'iin, andchoruses. D.H. MOller, Die Propheten in ihrer urspriing/ichen Form. Die Grundgesetzeursemitischen Poesie, ersch/ossen und nachgewiesen in Bibel, Keilinschriften zmd Koran,ihren Wirkungen erkannt in den Choren der griechischen Tragodie, Vienna: HOlder, 1896.studies a more limited and linguistically focused topic, oaths primarily in the Hebrew Bible,some extent in Islam. J. Pedersen, Der Eid bei den Semi/en in seinem Verhiiltnis zu u•rwnnnl•nErscheinungen sowie die Stellung des Eides im Islam, Strassburg: Trilbner, 1914.4 G.R. Hawting, The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam: From Polemic toCambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.5 A. Neuwirth has called for the application of literary critical methods, including form criticism,the Qur'an. "Einige Bemerkungen zum besonderen sprachlichen und literarischen CharakterKoran," ZDMG Suppl. 3, 1977, 736-39.Mysterious letters and other features of the Qur 'an 325Htmnann Gunkel in his analysis of the Psalms, the aspiring form critic of theiin risks making circular arguments. 6 In the absence of a large corpus of textscomparison, the equivalent of, say, the Iliad for pre-Islamic Arabia, the invesmustexamine texts in the Qur'iin in order to figure out the conventions of,pre-1s1am1c genres of religious utterance. Then he or she may use this derived)lll
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New Perspectives on the Qur'anIn th
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New Perspectives onthe Qur)anThe Qu
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ContentsAcknowledgementsContributor
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Acknowledgements xiiiAcknowledgemen
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xviContributorsCompanion to the Qur
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xxForewordIf we were to leave thing
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2 Gabriel Said ReynoldsIn the intro
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6 Gabriel Said Reynoldscontribution
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10 Gabriel Said ReynoldsA different
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14 Gabriel Said ReynoldsAnd He sent
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18 Gabriel Said Reynoldsnames and d
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·Part I···Method in Qur)anic st
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26 Fred M Donnerable to determine m
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30 Fred M Donnerabout which the tra
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34 Fred M Donnerhistorian cannot ac
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Studies in Qur 'anic vocabulary 392
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42 Andrew Rippinforeign is not clea
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46 Andrew Rippinsuggestion could al
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50 Nasr Abu Zaydfrom the perspectiv
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54 Nasr Abu Zaydstudy (1968-72), Eg
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58 Nasr Abu Zaydthe commencement (i
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62 Nasr Abu ZaydThe second phenomen
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66 Nasr Abu Zaydare intended to rea
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70 Nasr Abu Zaydchapter shows that
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74 Nasr Abu ZaydMuslim jurists,fitq
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78 Nasr Abu ZaydFor the natures of
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82 Nasr Abu Zaydcertain, whereas th
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86 Nasr Abu Zaydyour lord?' They sa
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The Jews of the Hijaz in theQur' an
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94 Robert G. Hoylandit by hereditar
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98 Robert G. HoylandScript/Lang.: L
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102 Robert G. HoylandNo.24Place: al
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106 Robert G. HoylandThough classed
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110 Robert G. Hoyland"Akrabos ben S
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114 Robert G. HoylandThe only probl
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118 Hani HayajnehScattered hints ar
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122 Hani Hayajnehand the situations
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126 llanillayqinehthat can elucidat
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130 Hani Hayajnehpreserved in the c
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134 Hani Hayajneh3. al-UkhdiidQur'a
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138 Hani Hayajneh"deliver, preserve
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142 Hani Hayajnehits common tribal
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146 Hani Hayajneh"l) 'mkrb son of ~
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148 Gerd-R. PuinThe orthography oft
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152 Gerd-R. PuinVowel letters and o
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156 Gerd-R. Puinto be explained as
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160 Gerd-R. Puinmade identical with
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164 Gerd-R. Puin(66) fhJ( 67) \J.J
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168 Gerd-R. Puin(Q 51 :47). Here, i
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172 Gerd-R. Puin16:69 16:69 D =16:9
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176 Gerd-R. Puinaccusative, but has
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186 Gerd-R. PuinHowever, neither th
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184 Gerd-R. PuinIn M.F. Malik's tra
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188 Gerd-R. PuinAl-ntb' al-awwal mi
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Hapaxes in the Qur'an:identifying a
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196 Shawkat M Toorawathe works of M
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200 Shawkat M ToorawaIn his 1966 Le
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204 Shawkat M ToordWa"any biblical
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208 Shawkat M Toorawa Hapaxes in th
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Page 123 and 124: Hapaxes in the Qur'an 221220 Shawka
Page 125 and 126: 224 Shawkat M Toorawa Hapax.es in t
Page 127 and 128: 228 Shawkat M Toorawa Hapaxes in th
Page 129 and 130: 232 Shawkat M Toorawa Hapax:es in t
Page 131 and 132: Hapaxes in the Qur'an 237236 Shawka
Page 133 and 134: 240 Shawkat M Toorawafrom a shared
Page 135 and 136: 244 Shaw/cat M Toorawasix. And in a
Page 137 and 138: 248 Manfred KroppQur'anic corpus wh
Page 139 and 140: 252 Manfred Kroppobscurum per obscu
Page 141 and 142: 256 Manfred KroppNow the verb kana,
Page 143 and 144: 260 Manfred KroppHaving in mind now
Page 145 and 146: 264 Manfred KroppTo conclude this s
Page 147 and 148: 268 Munther YounesThe wordgharq vio
Page 149 and 150: 272 Mzmther Youneslater came to be
Page 151 and 152: 276 Munther YounesThe verb nashit,
Page 153 and 154: 280 Christoph LuxenbergEdessa, whic
Page 155 and 156: 284 Christoph Luxenberg14 He had be
Page 157 and 158: 288 Christoph Luxenbergvariants in
Page 159 and 160: 292 Christoph Luxenberg11. mil kadh
Page 161 and 162: 296 Christoph Luxenbergapplication
Page 163 and 164: Al-Nafilirii in the Qur' anA hermen
Page 165 and 166: 304 Sidney Griffithonly Persian pag
Page 167 and 168: 308 Sidney Griffithand al-na~ara as
Page 169 and 170: 312 Sidney Griffiththis manner the
Page 171 and 172: 316 Sidney Griffithpassages that eq
Page 173: 320 Sidney Griffithincluded Jews an
Page 177 and 178: 328 Devin J. Stewart(Q 101:9-11), t
Page 179 and 180: 332 Devin J. Stewartpagans assign t
Page 181 and 182: 336 Devin J. StewartOmen texts were
Page 183 and 184: 340 Devin J. StewartQur'an in the s
Page 185 and 186: 344 Devin J. StewartThi~ idea may t
Page 187 and 188: 348 Devin J. Stewartand so on, are
Page 189 and 190: 352 Su{eiman A. Mouraddid not come
Page 191 and 192: 356 Suleiman A. Mouradaccusation. T
Page 193 and 194: 360 Clare WildeJudea-Christian comm
Page 195 and 196: 364 Clare WildeBible was recognized
Page 197 and 198: 368 Clare WildeRecitation or codex-
Page 199 and 200: Messengers and angels in the Qur'an
Page 201 and 202: 376 Gerald HawtingIt was indicated
Page 203 and 204: 380 Gerald Hawtingthird person (the
Page 205 and 206: 384 Gerald HawtingInherent in all o
Page 207 and 208: 388 Gerald HawtingChristianity that
Page 209 and 210: Is there a notion of "divineelectio
Page 211 and 212: 396 Reuven FirestoneThe New Testame
Page 213 and 214: 400 Reuven Firestonethrough. a fire
Page 215 and 216: 404 Reuven FirestoneMost of the ter
Page 217 and 218: 408 Reuven Firestoneof the religiou
Page 219 and 220: 412 Waleed Ahmedassess the early Mu
Page 221 and 222: 416 Waleed Ahmedabsent (mal;zdhz7f,
Page 223 and 224: 420 Waleed AhmedThe main problem wi
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424 Waleed AhmedConclusionThe analy
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428 Joseph Witztumhomily by Narsai.
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432 Joseph Witztumin the story keep
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436 Joseph Witztumexample,,when Jac
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440 Joseph WitztumAnd again they sa
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444 Joseph Witztum?ialect and might
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448 Joseph Witztumnot that.the Syri
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452 Emran El-BadawiOther scholars r
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456 Emran El-BadawiCenturies of Ara
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460 Emran El-Badawi!ewish scri~es.
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464 Emran El-Badawistranger, clothi
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468 Adam Silverstein"Egypt." 4 But
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472 Adam Silversteinhoweve~, are la
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476 Adam Silversteinto build a ~arb
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480 BibliographyAbii al-Futiil;!, M
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484 Bibliography--Homiliae Selectae
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488 BibliographyBeyer, K. and A. Li
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492 BibliographyGallez, E.-M. Le me
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496 BibliographyKahle, P.E. "The Qu
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500 BibliographyMcAuliffe, J.D. Qur
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504 Bibliography--"Die Wissenschaft
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508 BibliographySpitaler, A. "Die N
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Index of Qur' anic citationsand ref
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516 Index of Qur 'anic citations an
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520 Index of Qur 'iinic citations a
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524 Index of Qur 'anic citations an
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Index of people, places and subject
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532 Index of people, places and sub
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536 Index of people, places and sub
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