reynolds-the-quran-in-its-historical-context-2

150 Gerd-R. PuinThe ha' is the fourth mater lectionis, but it is relatively rare and will be treated ··•·separately.1 The wiiw1.1 The additiollal wiiw at the begimzbzg of a wordIn old manuscripts, and before vocalization by red dots or other means hadinvented, the only way to gain more precision for the vocalization of the firstwas by the mater lectiollis. The task consisted mainly in the differentiationbetween homographs. Thus, we find( 6) Jl..JI; ( ~!!)(7) Jl ql) '(8) ' ~JI ('4))fa_ Jula'yikaJuliyJuwluJ(ms. D 2 ) for(mss. DH) for(mss. CDF 3 ) forin StT (Q 7:9), orin StT (Q 35:1), orin StT (e.g. 3:7).The Arabic version in parenthesis is the vocalized interpretation of the rasmfound in the manuscript. The more common writing in the Standard Text asas in the manuscripts has the mater lectionis waw in the first syllable, numbersand (7). As for (8) I have not found a manuscript version in which ~JI is writtenwithout the waw in the first syllable, but this could be due to the fact that such awriting of the word would result in a highly ambiguous ~1, to be read as II\ )uluJ ·!(For the second mater lectionis in this word see below, 1.2.1 (31).)Another kind of differentiation concerns the more exact definition ofthe verbalstem. A prominent example is(9) ~~\.;. saJuwriykum, in Standard Text 7:145 and 21:37, but also inCFH.- The possible reason for the addition of the waw is to define the causative(IV.) stem and to prevent the reading saJaraykum I "I shall see you."Bergstriisser has proposed for this and other examples that the "superfluous alift"possibly represent a long /a:/ in front of a following hamza, 4 so that the pronuncia~ ·tion might have been~..;JI..::. sa..>uri1cum instead of~_._;\.:. in the StT, or1 ;b-.~~1 ;.j-i Ja..>m;allibannakum instead of 1 ;b..~~*;~ in StT 7:124, 20:71, 26:49,or~;H Ia- 'agbai)annahu instead of ~;i'i in StT 27:21.As we can see, the phonetic.interpretation of the script in the Standard Text isshort /a/ in the prepositions sa- or Ia-, and not a long one, because of its ·2 For details on the manuscripts used see the bibliography of manuscripts at the end of this chapter.3 Precisely 3:7, 18 in rns. C; 8:75,38:29,39:9 in rns. D; 13:19 in rnss. CDF.4 GdQ3, 48ff.Vowel/etters and ortho-epic writing in the Qur'an 151before the hamza; as Bergstriisser suggests. This implies that the a/if originally· represented the hamza, and the additional waw in the first two examples is a mater· to ensure the reading of an initial /u/.· •·.However, the case of his third example is quite different. Although Bergstriissernot take the historical orthography into account (why the writing of twohe is right to propose the pronunciation ~fl"i with a long /a:/, but for a:dii'fer,entreason: the a/if is the ortho-epical plene writing of afatba before a hamzabelow 3.4.3). Similar readings are proposed byBergstriisser for ~\fl·cf. belowand for 4\ J'i cf. below.3.4.3.'· In another verse, however, the word 'urikum is written less explicitly, i.e..without a mater lectionis:maJ )uriykum,in StT 40:29 (as well as in mss. like K).should expect to find more examples of this kind ofmatres lectii:mis, since theof the Standard Edition contains many verbal forms parallel to this constella-5 However, to my knowledge, there is only1;b..~~~;~ !aJu~al'iban•ahum in 7:124; 20:71 and 26:49, which have a wawa mater lectionis after - although this waw is neither realized in the Standardnor in the few early manuscripts which I could consult (CFGHK.), but -:•lUJaazing:Ly enough - is in a few recently printed Mu:?IJafs, mainly in the Indian.. uc>ullcuu. and also in a Libyan-Yemeni edition in the Qaliin 'an Nafi' tradition (see3.4.3, in editions# 1-4, 6-8; see Bibliography 4.2).IJ;) Juwguw"J in StT 6;34, contrary to 1,_,>1 in ms. D.this case, the Standard Text shows the "correct" (Cl\lssical) orthography withwaw, while it is written in manuscript D - erroneously or not? - with anonly.·Finally, the Standard Text has.. ~-- ....('JY:. ta'Wuz•uhum (Q 19:83)ms. A and F show. Other exan;ples ~ithout an initial mater /~ctionis in the Standard Text are: wa _li_ )utim•a (Q. 2:150), la_~ukaf'lr.an•a (Q 3:195, 5:12), la_JudlJilan•ahum (Q 3:195, 5:12), la_)m;lil•an•ahum (Q·,4:1!9), .la_Jurnan'lyan•ah~m (Q 4:119), sa_)unzilu (Q 6:93), la_)uqat•i>an•a (Q 7:124, 26:49),·. sa_Julq1y (Q 8:12), la_Juzay•inan•a (Q 15:39), la_)ugwiyan•ahum (Q 15:39, 38:82), sa •Jun;ab•i\ruka (Q 18:78), la_M'ag'iban•ahu (Q 27:21), sa_)urhiquhu (Q 74:17), sa_)u~liyhi (Q