"^'iSi!^,i:t" ^MMm in the Uni.

THE GENERAL SUBJECT. 119
by Cuvier and Oken), but the buccal has disappeared and is not
united with the other. The author assumes the mouth to be
situated upwards and the hinge backwards, which is at variance
with the real situation of most Bivalves and with modern usage.
C. R. 1870, pp. 43^16, 102-105.
The observations of TROSCHEL, QUOY, and especially PANCERI, on the
secretion of free sulphuric acid in the salivary glands of some Gastropods
belonging to the families Cassididee, Ranellidce, and Pleurobranchidce (cf. Zool.
Rec. vi. p. 515), are recapitulated in Am. J. Sc. (2) xix. pp. 420-422.
The anatomical researches of W. H. DALL concerning Patella, Siphonaria,
Gadina, and Pomphoh/x, of C. SEMPEB concerning Nanina and allied genera,
and of R. BERGH concerning Triboniophorus aniPhilomycus will be mentioned
in the special part.
C. SEMPER, insists that the usual term epidermis for the outer coat of many
shells is wrong, as it is not formed by cells, and proposes the term cuticula
for it. Reis. Arch. Philipp. iii. p. 6.
Monstrosities.
Albino or hyaline varieties of various species are noticed. Albinos of
Helix grisea, L., = cincta, Miill., observed by Dr. Martinati to produce
normal offspring. E. de Betta, Moll prov. Veron. pp. 60,.61.—Albino of
Limncea auricularia (L.), E. v. d. Broeck, Ann. mal. Belg. iv. 1869, p. 90.
Roffiaen has unsuccessfully tried to produce artificially scalaroid varieties
by applying gypsum to the aperture of living species of Helix during their
growth. Ann. mal. Belg. iii. (1868) pp. Ixxxii-lxxxiv.
Subscalaroid specimens of Clausilia nigricans are noticed by E. v. d. Broeck,
Ann. mal. Belg. iv. 1869, p. 81.—Sinistral specimen of Planorbis complanatus
(L.) [marginatus], the keel being likewise at the under angle, observed
by the same, I. c. p. 83, pi. 2. fig. 1.
Lanistes ovum, Peters, with a pale yellow band, beginning at the trace* of a
former fracture, and becoming more and more indistinct in the progress of
growth. Martens, Nachr. mal. Ges. ii. p. 125.
Nassa reticulata, Natica monilifera and nitida are sometimes irregularly
prolonged at their aperture by a colony of Hydractinice occupying their surface,
while their cavity is tenanted by Pagurus bernhardus. Colbeau, Ann.
mal. Belg. iii. p. lxi. [Such shells are very common on the shores of Holland
and Sleswick. Buccinum undatum is sometimes similarly deformed.]
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
a. LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA.
1. Northern and Central Europe.
Great Britain. Helix personata, Lam., new to the United Kingdom,
occurs in Ireland. Jeffreys, Ann. N. H. (4) vi. p. 423.
A list of (25) land and (12) freshwater shells observed in the Isle of Wight
in the summer of 1869 is published by Leconte, Ann. mal Belg. iv. (18£9)
pp. lxi-lxvi; the most remarkable is Helix acuta (Miill).
Germany. C. KREGLINGER (/. c.) gives a very complete list of
books and papers bearing on the subject, and enumerates the