"^'iSi!^,i:t" ^MMm in the Uni.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 127
we may refer to the account given in the Proceedings of the
Royal Society for Nov. 18; an abstract is also to be found in
'Nature/ Nov.-Dec. 1869. The report of the expedition of
1870 (P. R. Soc. 1870, pp. 146-220) contains the narrative
and the hydrographical results; it appears from them that
a number of shells known hitherto only in a fossil state have
again been dredged in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. The
conchological part of the report will be given by Jeffreys in
1871.
DALL remarks that where the water is cooled by northern
currents or by glaciers, deep-sea species of mollusks, especially
Brachiopods, are found at or even above low-water mark, while
these mollusks are only obtained at a depth of many fathoms
where the surface is warm. P. Bost. Soc. xii. 1869.
1. Seas of Northern Europe.
The late Prof. MICH. SARS left an elaborate paper on the mollusks of the
Christiania fjord, which has been published by his son, G. 0. SARS ; it contains
2 Cephalopods (Rossia owenii and glaueopis), 1 Pteropod (Spiralis
fiemingii), 70 species of Gasteropods and 32 of Bivalves ; some rather arctic
species occur among them, as Natica affinis, Gmel, Scalaria grcenlandica,
Chemn., Philine quadrata, Wood. Several new genera are described and
figured, concerning which some remarks made by Jeffreys on the original
specimens are added by the editor.
A list of 163 Norwegian marine Mollusca, dredged either in the Christiania
fjord at Drobak or, during the expedition of the ' Porcupine,' between 47|°
and 60° N. lat., is given by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, Ann. N. H. (4) v. pp. 438-
448. Twenty-one of those found at the former locality had not previously
been known thence.
E. Friedel brings the number of sea-shells found on the west coast of
Slesioick and Holstein from 65 (see Zool. Rec. v. p. 528) to 106, from his own
observations and those of others, and gives also some additions to the malacological
literature of this country. Mal. Bl. xvii. pp. 71-78.—Some shells
collected on the small island of Neuwerk, at the mouth of the Elbe, by the
student GILLN are mentioned, ibid. p. 78.
A. Metzger treats the molluscan fauna of the coast of East Friesland, between
the mouths of the rivers Ems and Jahde, including the islands of
Nordemey, Wangeroog, and others; he gives first an interesting general
account of the occurrence of animals in the different kinds of localities, the
" Watten " (estuaries), the strand between tide marks and the "Balgen" or
shallow "bottoms from low water-mark to 12 fathoms; then follows a systematic
list, containing 2 Cephalopods, 18 Prosobranchiate Gasteropods, 1 Pulmonate
(Melampus myosotis), 13 Opisthobranchiates, and 41 Bivalves found on this
coast. JB. Ges. Hannov. 1869-70, pp. 22-30.
Colbeau's list of Belyian Mollusca, Ann. mal. Belg. vol. iii. (1868) pp. 85-
111, contains 7 species of Cephalopods, 71 marine Gasteropods with shells,
only 8 without, and 88 marine Bivalves. Some novelties are also mentioned,
pp. xix, xx.—A number of shells found on the shore atOstend are mentioned
by A. Craven and F. de Malzine, /. c. iv. (1869) pp. xcviii-ci.