"^'iSi!^,i:t" ^MMm in the Uni.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 125
Transcaucasia, Palestine, and on the shores of the Mediterranean; the Helicarion,
on the contrary, is an East-Indian form.
British India. Several new species, principally of Nanina and Glessula,
are added by "W. T. Blanford; more exact localities for known species are
also noticed. J. A. S. B. xxxix.
Several land and freshwater shells from the Shan States and Burmah are
described by W. Theobald. J. A. S. B. xxxix. pp. 395-402.
Andaman Islands. The shell? described as new by Tryon in the preceding
year are identified with previously described species, and the occurrence of
Helix achatina doubted by Stoliczka. P. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, pp. 86-88.
China. Some land and freshwater shells collected in Hainan by Mr.
Swinhoe are described and figured by H. ADAMS, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 8, pi 1.
figs. 12-16, and pp. 377-379, pi 27. figs. 4-13.
Philippines. Part of the land-shells of this archipelago are
treated of by Prof. CARL SEMPER in the continuation of his work
on the results of his travels in the Philippines. Haying explored
many regions where H. Cuming has not been, especially
in the northern parts of the island of Luzon, he adds
several novelties to this fauna, and, on the other hand, some of
the localities stated in the Cumingian collections are called in
doubt by him. He finds a general difference between the fauna
of Luzon and that of the southern islands, for example Mindanao—the
first being quite peculiar, the latter containing the
same genera, or sections of genera, and even in some cases the
same species as Borneo and Celebes.
5. Polynesia and Australia.
Australia. Ten new land-shells, mostly from Tasmania, described by J.
Brazier, P.Z.S. 1870, pp. 659-662.
New Caledonia. New land and freshwater shells are described by Souverbie,
Montrouzier, Crosse, Marie, and Gassies in the J. de Conch, xviii.
Pacific Islands. New land-shells from the Navigators' Islands, New Hebrides,
Solomon Islands, New Ireland, Fiji, Banks's Group, and Norfolk Island
are described by J. Cox, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 81-85 and 170,171.
Sandwich Islands. PEASE enumerates 6 species of Limneca and
5 of Melania occurring on these islands, three of each being new;
no true Physa is found there, but sinistral specimens of Limneea
have been described as species of Physa. Am. Journ. Conch, vi.
pp. 4-7.—The Achatinellee of the island of Kauai are enumerated
and distributed between the two subgenera Leptachatina
and Amastra by Pease, J. de Conch, xviii. pp. 87, 88.
6. Tropical America.
A rather large number of land-shells, 201 species, collected by PAZ and
MARTINEZ during a Spanish scientific expedition in Brazil, Ecuador, Peru,
and Chile (see Zool. Rec. vi. p. 525) are enumerated by J. G. Hidalgo, J. de
Conch, xviii. pp. 27-70 ; the localities are carefully indicated, and some so-
Called species reduced to varieties of others.
The conchological part of L. Netto's description of the Imperial and