The legends of the Panjâb

368 LEGENDS OF THE PANJAB.
pateut of 1857] Mahiudar Sen being 75th,) and was the person who fought
Eajd Malht Parkdsh of Ndhan at the Deshu DhSr. But his date appears
to have been A, d. 1070-1693, barely within 600 years of that of Malhi
ParkSsh. Auftp Sen's contemporary was BiljS Budh (or Bidhiohand)
Parkash, 34th Eaja of Sarmor, who reigned 1674-1694 A. D.
Going back,
however, I find that the 33rd KanA, Kfip Sen, was Malhi Parkash's contemporary,
and perhaps this is the Chief meant.]
[Four of the hill legends about Simla will be given in succession as they bear
upon localities closely connected geographically and historically, and are all
in the same dialect, known as the ICyonthali to students of these matters.
The linguistic notes that follow are a guide to all the four stories.]
[The language of these hill songs is very archaic and peculiar, and of considerable
value in tracing the history of the modern Aryan dialects. I have
therefore brought together here, for the benefit of scholars, all the forms
and words that are new or peculiar. The lists also will be of use to those
studying the text of the soags-
I would remark in passing that the often
observed sMlboleth (sh for s) of the hill peoples is strongly marked in
these texts. One set of forms, that of the continuative participle, is
worth remarking on here. It varies as iro, iro, ero, erU, (and ^re). In
modern Hindi it is hcur, karlMr, Jcarlce and ke ; in old Hindi it was often i
or t : in modern dialectic Panj^bi (hill dialects especially) it is often i. All
the above are variations of the root Ttri, make, used an auxiliary termination,
and I give, as a suggestion, that this iro, etc, is a double termination (like
fear/car) t + ro, the ro representing the root of the auxiliary verb rahnd, to
continue, to remain. In support of this view it is to be observed that in
the songs {vide vocabularies) rdd, royd and roh& = rahd from rahnii :
lod = lii/d:
go& = gay&, gi& : Mioy& = lcMy6, : jog&=jagA. I would also draw attention
to the various and indeterminate character of the nominal and verbal
inflections. They are worth study. Further there is a change from a or
d to i (e) and 1, which is noteworthy in tracing etymologies. Thus we
have has = lcis; mhg6. = thag ;
pig = pag; ghard = gMrd ; Aihgd^Mng;
dive =j&ve; U del = land u, ; and more strongly both pooMA and pfcMd stand
for cMchd. Again Ui-na is b&ndhnd, to bind, fasten. It is possible, therefore,
that Wrnd and bimdhnd both represent the Sanskrit root handh (badh).'}
GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
ho (
= aO) O; °^dd,
de, dt ( = mere), in: also {
= vieh
se) from inside, from : ex., jabe di =
jab men, when.
huge {=p6.s), near, by, to.
#e ; iro, tro, ero, erA, the continuative
participial termination: ex.,
dire : jdero : bhdgiro, j&iro, hdriro,
handiro : jdiro : j&erib.
hM — lco,
to.
1{M, kMye { = w&ste), for.
Tiho ( = se) from :
( = also ho) to.
Id, le, U, the termination of the past
and aorist tenses : ex. , basld, jo^pld,
holla, jatld, old, dtld, hold, holS,,
deld, bolUlA : larle, hole, dUe :
bh