Polemic on General Line of International ... - From Marx to Mao

systems. But peaceful coexistence and peaceful competitioncannot replace the revolutionary struggles of the people. Thevictory of the national revolution of all colonies and dependentcountries must be won primarily through the revolutionarystruggle of their own masses, which can never be replaced bythat of any other countries.The leaders of the CPSU hold that the victories of the nationalliberation revolution are not due primarily to the revolutionarystruggles of the masses, and that the people cannotemancipate themselves, but must wait for the natural collapseof imperialism through peaceful coexistence and peaceful competition.In fact, this is equivalent to telling the oppressed nationsto put up with imperialist plunder and enslavement forever, and not to rise up in resistance and revolution.The second prescription is labelled aid to backward countries.The leaders of the CPSU boast of the role played by theireconomic aid to the newly independent countries. ComradeKhrushchov has said that such aid can enable these countries“to avoid the danger of a new enslavement”, and that “it stimulatestheir progress and contributes to the normal developmentand even acceleration of those internal processes whichmay take these countries onto the highway leading to socialism”.1It is necessary and important for the socialist countries togive the newly independent countries economic aid on the basisof internationalism. But in no case can it be said that theirnational independence and social progress are due solely tothe economic aid they receive from the socialist countries andnot mainly to the revolutionary struggles of their own people.To speak plainly, the policy and the purpose of the leadersof the CPSU in their aid to newly independent countries inrecent years are open to suspicion. They often take an attitudeof great-power chauvinism and national egoism in mattersconcerning aid to newly independent countries, harm the eco-1N. S. Khrushchov, “Vital Questions of the Development of the SocialistWorld System”, World Marxist Review, No. 9, 1962.194