Polemic on General Line of International ... - From Marx to Mao

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A DISCIPLE OF BERNSTEIN AND KAUTSKYBeginning with the 20th Congress of the CPSU, Khrushchovput forward the road of “peaceful transition”, i.e., “transitionto socialism by the parliamentary road”, 1 which is diametricallyopposed to the road of the October Revolution.Let us examine the “parliamentary road” peddled byKhrushchov and his like.Khrushchov holds that the proletariat can win a stablemajority in parliament under the bourgeois dictatorship andunder bourgeois electoral laws. He says that in the capitalistcountries “the working class, by rallying around itself thetoiling peasantry, the intelligentsia, all patriotic forces, andresolutely repulsing the opportunist elements who are incapableof giving up the policy of compromise with the capitalistsand landlords, is in a position to defeat the reactionary forcesopposed to the popular interest, to capture a stable majorityin parliament”. 2Khrushchov maintains that if the proletariat can win amajority in parliament, this in itself will amount to theseizure of state power and the smashing of the bourgeoisstate machinery. He says that for the working class “to wina majority in parliament and transform it into an organ ofthe people’s power, given a powerful revolutionary movementin the country, means smashing the military-bureaucraticmachine of the bourgeoisie and setting up a new, proletarianpeople’s state in parliamentary form”. 3Khrushchov holds that if the proletariat can win a stablemajority in parliament, this in itself will enable it to realize1N. S. Khrushchov, Report to the 20th Party Congress of the CPSU,February 1956.2Ibid.3N. S. Khrushchov, “For New Victories for the World CommunistMovement” (a speech delivered at a meeting of the Party organisationsin the Higher Party School, the Academy of Social Sciences and theInstitute of Marxism-Leninism, Central Committee of the CPSU, onJanuary 6, 1961), World Marxist Review, No. 1, 1961, p. 22.362
the socialist transformation of society. He says that thewinning of a stable parliamentary majority “could create forthe working class of a number of capitalist and formercolonial countries the conditions needed to secure fundamentalsocial changes”. 1 Also,. . . the present situation offers the working class in anumber of capitalist countries a real opportunity to unitethe overwhelming majority of the people under its leadershipand to secure the transfer of the basic means of productioninto the hands of the people. 2The Programme of the CPSU maintains that “the workingclass of many countries can, even before capitalism is overthrown,compel the bourgeoisie to carry out measures thattranscend ordinary reforms”. 3 The Programme even statesthat under the bourgeois dictatorship it is possible for a situationto emerge in certain countries, in which “it will be preferablefor the bourgeoisie . . . to agree to the basic meansof production being purchased from it”. 4The stuff Khrushchov is touting is nothing original butis simply a reproduction of the revisionism of the SecondInternational, a revival of Bernsteinism and Kautskyism.The main distinguishing marks of Bernstein’s betrayal ofMarxism were his advocacy of the legal parliamentary roadand his opposition to violent revolution, the smashing of theold state machinery and the dictatorship of the proletariat.Bernstein held that capitalism could “grow into socialism”peacefully. He said that the political system of modernbourgeois society “should not be destroyed but should only1N. S. Khrushchov, Report to the 20th Congress of the CPSU,February 1956.2Ibid.3“Programme of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union”, Documentsof 22nd Congress of the CPSU, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, 1961,p. 482.4Ibid., p. 486.363
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From Marx to MaoML© Digital Reprin
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C O N T E N T SA PROPOSAL CONCERNIN
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DISTORTION OF THE LENINIST VIEW OF
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ANTAGONISTIC CLASSES AND CLASS STRU
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The Central Committee of the Commun
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to accept the fact that the people
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If one avoids a concrete class anal
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without wars”, a new world of “
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Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, the Sovi
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ple astray. The events of the last
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They are in fact protecting the int
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eactionary tendencies to compromise
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Social democracy is a bourgeois ide
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military apparatus — the primary
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The proletarian party must be flexi
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The superiority of the socialist sy
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Leninist ever has held or ever will
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Such is the Leninist policy. Any po
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pursued the policy of peaceful coex
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to develop relations of friendship,
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Between capitalist and communist so
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struggles no longer exist? How can
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dictatorship of the proletariat and
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mutual support and mutual assistanc
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If it is accepted that there are no
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The series of distressing developme
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U.S. imperialism and its NATO partn
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There must be a revolutionary party
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1963, the speech of the head of the
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questions calling for attention and
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THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTOF THE DI
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not imperialism is to be opposed, a
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particular, the complete negation o
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Congress that Khrushchov, in his re
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It is impossible for the leadership
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the dictatorship of the proletariat
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other enemies of communism, with ex
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tween the Soviet Union and Other So
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the leadership of the CPSU. We expr
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thesis that the seizure of politica
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Completely disregarding the revolut
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maligned China as warlike, guilty o
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socialist countries alone. We made
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“There are differences between us
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that the leadership of the CPSU wou
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It is true that, both before and du
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such a formulation about the 20th C
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hours later, violating what the fra
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The Programme crudely revises the e
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and to replace the Declaration and
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This is indeed an astounding event,
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views in the talks, put forward its
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anti-revolutionary line, between th
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CPSU leaders went farther and farth
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of the people throughout the world
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is seizing state power, to overthro
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ealized by using the old state mach
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2. The Communist Party of China has
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4. If the relations between our two
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full consultations and unhurried di
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HE question of Stalin is one of wor
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But no one can deny the internation
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from reality and from the masses. I
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created by the October Revolution;
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the great CPSU and the great Soviet
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Stalin. The leaders of the CPSU hav
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The Yakyirs, Balyitskys, Lyubehenky
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Stalin died in 1953; three years la
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This consistent and correct approac
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. . . in place of the old leaders,
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In the period of the Second Interna
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IS YUGOSLAVIAA SOCIALIST COUNTRY?Th
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In Khrushchov’s opinion, Yugoslav
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Can a country be socialist when the
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ing that private individuals have t
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No, the facts are quite the reverse
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The concentration of land is actual
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do not affect the private ownership
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estoration of the landlords and cap
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Engels wrote in Anti-Dühring, “T
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The Tito clique itself admits that
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the strictest observance of a singl
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or 47.4 per cent of the federal bud
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Everybody knows that state monopoly
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In these circumstances, Yugoslavia
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They said of the Vietnamese people
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to the Congo to take a direct part
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economy owned by the whole people i
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minority of exploiters, into a stat
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True, Yugoslavia was once a sociali
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Let us look at the facts. Have the
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9. The Tito clique sabotages the na
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capitalism may be restored. Yugosla
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APOLOGISTSOF NEO-COLONIALISM?Fourth
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wards this extremely sharp issue of
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moreover supplies cheap raw materia
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urgently demand the thorough elimin
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systems. But peaceful coexistence a
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established national states. If a m
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means the annihilation of mankind.
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21 and September 10, the Soviet Gov
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3. “The national democratic revol
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ourgeoisie or the national bourgeoi
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THE PATH OF NATIONALISM ANDDEGENERA
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He added:That is the path of nation
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However, some self-styled Marxist-L
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French monopoly capitalists, crying
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the geographical and racial princip
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Fifty years have gone by; imperiali
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international agreements”. 1 On t
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TWO DIFFERENT LINESON THE QUESTION
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The revisionist line is a wrong lin
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The revisionists of the Second Inte
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6. They spread the absurd theory th
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the footsteps of Bernstein and Kaut
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war policy, Kennedy’s deceptive p
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3. The U.S. Joint Strategic Target
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But the fact that the U.S. reaction
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The political meaning Of this metap
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It is clear that national liberatio
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history it is the only lawful, righ
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eliminated altogether because they
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We have always maintained that the
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peace. But Khrushchov’s military
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He drew the following historical le
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We consistently maintain that those
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Actually Khrushchov’s wrong appro
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They also intimidate the allies of
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PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE— TWO DIAMETR
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Let us now examine Lenin and Stalin
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Lenin said:International imperialis
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policy of the Soviet state “will
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. . . the very thought of peacefull
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And he answered in the negative,
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aggression, non-interference in eac
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daily weaker and the contradictions
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more clearly the necessity of peace
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Lenin’s policy of peaceful coexis
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imperialists wage cold wars, which
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The second question is: Can peacefu
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of the proletariat, was a base for
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. . . it is one thing to practise p
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uted to peaceful coexistence or des
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very phrase ‘coexistence’ is bo
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the United States? Very well! But o
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equirement that the socialist count
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e no war. Then if any madman wanted
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lies with the governments of two su
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All too often have the leaders of t
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THE LEADERS OF THE CPSUARE THE GREA
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While presenting themselves as cham
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tional at its Hague Congress, in wh
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ourgeois legality instead of utiliz
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Page 338 and 339: As Lenin said, the bourgeoisie unde
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Page 342 and 343: Whether one defends or opposes the
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Page 352 and 353: us some time ago. It is precisely b
Page 354 and 355: ecause they accepted the revisionis
Page 356 and 357: In the face of these betrayals of t
Page 358 and 359: The leaders of the CPSU denounce Co
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Page 364 and 365: September 21 we have been eagerly w
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Page 368 and 369: If the leaders of the CPSU genuinel
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Page 381 and 382: Basing himself on the Marxist-Lenin
Page 383 and 384: On this question, the Marxist-Lenin
Page 385 and 386: The comrades of the delegation of t
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Page 389 and 390: Today, the leaders of the CPSU have
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Page 397 and 398: Today the United States of America
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Page 401 and 402: Events since World War II have demo
Page 403 and 404: Events since World War II have also
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Page 417 and 418: He spread the view that a new war w
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Page 423 and 424: OUR HOPESOnly eight years have elap
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Let us wind up this article with th
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HE theories of the proletarian revo
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The socialist system is incomparabl
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. New elements of capitalism are co
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the socialist countries or to make
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The development of socialist societ
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of the proletariat over the bourgeo
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tryside. New bourgeois elements and
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dozens of suits”. He was also a b
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they “fleeced the collective farm
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speculators engaged in the re-sale
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position to the workers, the peasan
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Khrushchov has carried out a series
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odies, from leading Party and gover
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Tito clique “belong to one and th
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power is concentrated”. 1 The sta
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It is perfectly clear that accordin
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He concluded: “Complete consisten
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and the elimination of bourgeois de
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The formula of abolishing the dicta
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The basic principles concerning the
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Does it mean that formerly the memb
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At present, the revisionist Khrushc
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y the whole people. A communist soc
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Under this signboard, the Khrushcho
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times”. 1 He extols to the sky a
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How the imperialists are hoping for
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But now the revisionist Khrushchov
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The main contents of the theories a
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of their long revolutionary fight,
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ELEVENTH, the system of high salari
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are a sure guarantee that Communist
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the principle of “from the masses
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WHYKHRUSHCHEV FELLEditorial. Hongqi
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development as discovered by Marxis
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iating disgrace upon the great Sovi
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United States, incited and helped t
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the United States, could settle the
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to them to decide which direction t
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THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
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portunity for an exchange of opinio
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We have attentively studied your vi
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distribution of forces within the i
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Under present-day conditions it is
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will as before. This is a historic
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ditions of peaceful coexistence bet
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Party must take into account the ex
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the same time the choice pf the mea
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endeavour to strengthen its dominan
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just as in the socialist community,
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lead to a breaking away from life a
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mistakes and of helping to remedy t
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instability of the entire capitalis
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As far as Yugoslavia is concerned,
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ing polemics will be realized, and
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arisen, and in January this year pr
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ejected as groundless and slanderou
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the international proletariat and a
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sympathy and support of the Soviet
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views and signed the Statement only
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ment, was started among the Chinese
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ascribe to the CPSU and other Marxi
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sequences. The nuclear and rocket w
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ly as possible, but how and with wh
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all, the monopolists, the imperiali
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The Soviet Union’s persevering st
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much grief and suffering war brings
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juncture assumed the role of critic
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last century, Frederick Engels poin
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For this reason, to separate the fi
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The Chinese leaders, too, approved.
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Soviet people began to live better
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class struggle in the U.S.S.R.., an
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letter does not even mention the de
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Everyone who ponders on the meaning
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There can be no doubt about the ans
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economic and social interests of th
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How do the Chinese comrades solve t
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tion. It has acquired wider meaning
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— the socialist revolution is per
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In an effort to justify its actions
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Comrades from the CPC are making pa
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munist movement, they ignore the st
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Were we to follow the example of th
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mon struggle for peace, democracy,
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3—E—578S3—E—578P00270 ( t )
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