Polemic on General Line of International ... - From Marx to Mao

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tional at its Hague Congress, in which Marx personally participated.Engels said that if the Marxists had adopted an unprincipledand conciliatory attitude towards the divisive activities of theBakuninists at the Hague, it would have had grave consequencesfor the international working-class movement. Hestated, “Then the International would indeed have gone topieces — gone to pieces through ‘unity’!” 1Led by Marx and Engels, the First International foughtagainst opportunism and splittism and laid the basis for thesupremacy of Marxism in the international working-classmovement.With the announcement of the end of the First-Internationalin 1876 there began the successive establishment of masssocialist workers’ parties in many countries. Marx and Engelsfollowed the establishment and development of these partieswith close attention in the hope that they would be establishedand developed on the basis of scientific communism.Marx and Engels devoted particular attention and concernto the German Social-Democratic Party which then occupiedan important position in the working-class movement inEurope. On many occasions, they sharply criticized the GermanParty for its rotten spirit of compromise with opportunismin the pursuit of “unity”.In 1875 they criticized the German Social-Democratic Partyfor its union with the Lassalleans at the expense of principleand for the resultant Gotha Programme. Marx pointed outthat this union was “bought too dearly” and that the GothaProgramme was “a thoroughly objectionable programme thatdemoralizes the Party”. 2 Engels pointed out that it was a“bending of the knee to Lassalleanism on the part of the whole1“Engels to A. Bebel, June 20, 1873”, Selected Correspondence ofMarx and Engels, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, p. 346.2“Marx to W. Bracke, May 5, 1875”, Selected Correspondence of Marxand Engels, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, pp. 360, 361.308
German socialist proletariat”, adding, “I am convinced thata union on this basis will not last a year.” 1In criticizing the Gotha Programme, Marx put forward thewell-known principle that for Marxists “there would be nohaggling about principles”. 2Later Marx and Engels again sharply criticized the leadersof the German Party for tolerating the activities of the opportunistsinside the Party. Marx said that these opportuniststried “to replace its materialistic basis . . . by modern mythologywith its goddesses of Justice, Liberty, Equality, andFraternity” 3 and that this was a “vulgarization of Party andtheory”. 4 In their “Circular Letter” to the leaders of theGerman Party, Marx and Engels wrote:For almost forty years we have stressed the class struggleas the immediate driving power of history, and in particularthe class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat asthe great lever of the modern social revolution; it is, therefore,impossible for us to co-operate with people who wishto expunge this class struggle from the movement. 5Founded under Engels’ influence in 1889, the Second Internationalexisted in a period when capitalism was developing“peacefully”. While Marxism became widespread andthe Communist Manifesto became the common programme oftens of millions of workers everywhere during this period,the socialist parties in many countries blindly worshipped1“Engels to A. Bebel, March 18-28, 1875”, Selected Correspondenceof Marx and Engels, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, p. 358.2“Marx to W. Bracke, May 5, 1875”, Selected Correspondence of Marxand Engels, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, p. 361.3“Marx to F. A. Sorge, October 19, 1877”, Selected Correspondenceof Marx and Engels, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, p. 376.4“Marx to F. A. Sorge, September 19, 1879”, Selected Correspondenceof Marx and Engels, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, p. 396.5“Marx and Engels to A. Bebel, W. Liebknecht, W. Bracke and Others(‘Circular Letter’), September 17-18, 1879”, Selected Correspondenceof Marx and Engels, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, p. 395.309
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From Marx to MaoML© Digital Reprin
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C O N T E N T SA PROPOSAL CONCERNIN
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DISTORTION OF THE LENINIST VIEW OF
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ANTAGONISTIC CLASSES AND CLASS STRU
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The Central Committee of the Commun
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to accept the fact that the people
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If one avoids a concrete class anal
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without wars”, a new world of “
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Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, the Sovi
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ple astray. The events of the last
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They are in fact protecting the int
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eactionary tendencies to compromise
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Social democracy is a bourgeois ide
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military apparatus — the primary
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The proletarian party must be flexi
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The superiority of the socialist sy
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Leninist ever has held or ever will
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Such is the Leninist policy. Any po
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pursued the policy of peaceful coex
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to develop relations of friendship,
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Between capitalist and communist so
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struggles no longer exist? How can
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dictatorship of the proletariat and
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mutual support and mutual assistanc
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If it is accepted that there are no
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The series of distressing developme
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U.S. imperialism and its NATO partn
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There must be a revolutionary party
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1963, the speech of the head of the
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questions calling for attention and
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THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTOF THE DI
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not imperialism is to be opposed, a
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particular, the complete negation o
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Congress that Khrushchov, in his re
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It is impossible for the leadership
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the dictatorship of the proletariat
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other enemies of communism, with ex
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tween the Soviet Union and Other So
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the leadership of the CPSU. We expr
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thesis that the seizure of politica
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Completely disregarding the revolut
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maligned China as warlike, guilty o
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socialist countries alone. We made
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“There are differences between us
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that the leadership of the CPSU wou
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It is true that, both before and du
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such a formulation about the 20th C
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hours later, violating what the fra
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The Programme crudely revises the e
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and to replace the Declaration and
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This is indeed an astounding event,
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views in the talks, put forward its
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anti-revolutionary line, between th
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CPSU leaders went farther and farth
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of the people throughout the world
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is seizing state power, to overthro
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ealized by using the old state mach
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2. The Communist Party of China has
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4. If the relations between our two
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full consultations and unhurried di
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HE question of Stalin is one of wor
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But no one can deny the internation
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from reality and from the masses. I
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created by the October Revolution;
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the great CPSU and the great Soviet
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Stalin. The leaders of the CPSU hav
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The Yakyirs, Balyitskys, Lyubehenky
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Stalin died in 1953; three years la
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This consistent and correct approac
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. . . in place of the old leaders,
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In the period of the Second Interna
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IS YUGOSLAVIAA SOCIALIST COUNTRY?Th
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In Khrushchov’s opinion, Yugoslav
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Can a country be socialist when the
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ing that private individuals have t
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No, the facts are quite the reverse
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The concentration of land is actual
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do not affect the private ownership
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estoration of the landlords and cap
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Engels wrote in Anti-Dühring, “T
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The Tito clique itself admits that
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the strictest observance of a singl
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or 47.4 per cent of the federal bud
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Everybody knows that state monopoly
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In these circumstances, Yugoslavia
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They said of the Vietnamese people
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to the Congo to take a direct part
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economy owned by the whole people i
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minority of exploiters, into a stat
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True, Yugoslavia was once a sociali
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Let us look at the facts. Have the
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9. The Tito clique sabotages the na
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capitalism may be restored. Yugosla
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APOLOGISTSOF NEO-COLONIALISM?Fourth
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wards this extremely sharp issue of
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moreover supplies cheap raw materia
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urgently demand the thorough elimin
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systems. But peaceful coexistence a
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established national states. If a m
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means the annihilation of mankind.
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21 and September 10, the Soviet Gov
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3. “The national democratic revol
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ourgeoisie or the national bourgeoi
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THE PATH OF NATIONALISM ANDDEGENERA
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He added:That is the path of nation
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However, some self-styled Marxist-L
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French monopoly capitalists, crying
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the geographical and racial princip
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Fifty years have gone by; imperiali
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international agreements”. 1 On t
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TWO DIFFERENT LINESON THE QUESTION
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The revisionist line is a wrong lin
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The revisionists of the Second Inte
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6. They spread the absurd theory th
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the footsteps of Bernstein and Kaut
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war policy, Kennedy’s deceptive p
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3. The U.S. Joint Strategic Target
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But the fact that the U.S. reaction
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The political meaning Of this metap
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It is clear that national liberatio
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history it is the only lawful, righ
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eliminated altogether because they
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We have always maintained that the
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peace. But Khrushchov’s military
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He drew the following historical le
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We consistently maintain that those
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Actually Khrushchov’s wrong appro
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They also intimidate the allies of
Page 271: PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE— TWO DIAMETR
Page 274 and 275: Let us now examine Lenin and Stalin
Page 276 and 277: Lenin said:International imperialis
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Page 282 and 283: And he answered in the negative,
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Page 290 and 291: Lenin’s policy of peaceful coexis
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Page 294 and 295: The second question is: Can peacefu
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Page 298 and 299: . . . it is one thing to practise p
Page 300 and 301: uted to peaceful coexistence or des
Page 302 and 303: very phrase ‘coexistence’ is bo
Page 304 and 305: the United States? Very well! But o
Page 306 and 307: equirement that the socialist count
Page 308 and 309: e no war. Then if any madman wanted
Page 310 and 311: lies with the governments of two su
Page 312 and 313: All too often have the leaders of t
Page 315: THE LEADERS OF THE CPSUARE THE GREA
Page 318 and 319: While presenting themselves as cham
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Page 324 and 325: and fought them face to face at the
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Page 328 and 329: the bourgeoisie, they want the prol
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Page 332 and 333: Party elements in the Chinese Commu
Page 334 and 335: pursued by these organizations and
Page 336 and 337: It is already clear that the revisi
Page 338 and 339: As Lenin said, the bourgeoisie unde
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Page 342 and 343: Whether one defends or opposes the
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Page 346 and 347: . . . to the extent that the intern
Page 348 and 349: nist movement in pursuing the Marxi
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Page 352 and 353: us some time ago. It is precisely b
Page 354 and 355: ecause they accepted the revisionis
Page 356 and 357: In the face of these betrayals of t
Page 358 and 359: The leaders of the CPSU denounce Co
Page 360 and 361: ists are taking place. The revision
Page 362 and 363: 15 and October 31, their twenty-six
Page 364 and 365: September 21 we have been eagerly w
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Page 368 and 369: If the leaders of the CPSU genuinel
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guiding relations among fraternal P
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HE present article will discuss the
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the socialist transformation of soc
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preach a violent political overthro
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dictatorship of the proletariat has
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Basing himself on the Marxist-Lenin
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On this question, the Marxist-Lenin
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The comrades of the delegation of t
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are re-publishing the complete text
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Today, the leaders of the CPSU have
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armed the workers, strove to win ov
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a people’s democratic dictatorshi
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of the world and has opened up stil
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Today the United States of America
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nations not only have to cope with
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Events since World War II have demo
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Events since World War II have also
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ut also on the preparations and eff
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tionary struggles of the Asian, Afr
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deviation of legalism and the “Le
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Kautskyism and social democracy, an
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3. U.S. imperialism is the arch ene
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ceased to give active support to th
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He spread the view that a new war w
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talism with socialism, asserting th
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a political detachment of the bourg
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OUR HOPESOnly eight years have elap
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Let us wind up this article with th
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HE theories of the proletarian revo
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The socialist system is incomparabl
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. New elements of capitalism are co
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the socialist countries or to make
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The development of socialist societ
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of the proletariat over the bourgeo
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tryside. New bourgeois elements and
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dozens of suits”. He was also a b
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they “fleeced the collective farm
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speculators engaged in the re-sale
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position to the workers, the peasan
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Khrushchov has carried out a series
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odies, from leading Party and gover
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Tito clique “belong to one and th
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power is concentrated”. 1 The sta
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It is perfectly clear that accordin
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He concluded: “Complete consisten
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and the elimination of bourgeois de
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The formula of abolishing the dicta
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The basic principles concerning the
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Does it mean that formerly the memb
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At present, the revisionist Khrushc
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y the whole people. A communist soc
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Under this signboard, the Khrushcho
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times”. 1 He extols to the sky a
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How the imperialists are hoping for
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But now the revisionist Khrushchov
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The main contents of the theories a
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of their long revolutionary fight,
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ELEVENTH, the system of high salari
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are a sure guarantee that Communist
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the principle of “from the masses
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WHYKHRUSHCHEV FELLEditorial. Hongqi
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development as discovered by Marxis
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iating disgrace upon the great Sovi
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United States, incited and helped t
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the United States, could settle the
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to them to decide which direction t
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THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
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portunity for an exchange of opinio
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We have attentively studied your vi
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distribution of forces within the i
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Under present-day conditions it is
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will as before. This is a historic
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ditions of peaceful coexistence bet
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Party must take into account the ex
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the same time the choice pf the mea
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endeavour to strengthen its dominan
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just as in the socialist community,
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lead to a breaking away from life a
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mistakes and of helping to remedy t
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instability of the entire capitalis
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As far as Yugoslavia is concerned,
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ing polemics will be realized, and
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arisen, and in January this year pr
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ejected as groundless and slanderou
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the international proletariat and a
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sympathy and support of the Soviet
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views and signed the Statement only
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ment, was started among the Chinese
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ascribe to the CPSU and other Marxi
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sequences. The nuclear and rocket w
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ly as possible, but how and with wh
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all, the monopolists, the imperiali
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The Soviet Union’s persevering st
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much grief and suffering war brings
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juncture assumed the role of critic
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last century, Frederick Engels poin
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For this reason, to separate the fi
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The Chinese leaders, too, approved.
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Soviet people began to live better
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class struggle in the U.S.S.R.., an
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letter does not even mention the de
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Everyone who ponders on the meaning
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There can be no doubt about the ans
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economic and social interests of th
Page 583 and 584:
How do the Chinese comrades solve t
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tion. It has acquired wider meaning
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— the socialist revolution is per
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In an effort to justify its actions
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Comrades from the CPC are making pa
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munist movement, they ignore the st
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Were we to follow the example of th
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mon struggle for peace, democracy,
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3—E—578S3—E—578P00270 ( t )
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