Polemic on General Line of International ... - From Marx to Mao

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they will renounce the use of violence” and that “we welcomeand shall encourage these developments”. 1As a faithful champion of the capitalist system, Dulles wasof course perfectly aware of the essential role of force in classstruggle. While welcoming Khrushchov’s renunciation ofviolent revolution, he laid great stress on the bourgeoisie’sneed to strengthen its counter-revolutionary violence in ordera to maintain its rule. He said in another speech that “of all thetasks of government the most basic is to protect its citizens[read “reactionary ruling classes”] against violence. . . . Soin every civilized community the members contribute towardthe maintenance of a police force as an arm of law and order”. 2Here Dulles was telling the truth. The political foundationof the rule of imperialism and all reaction is nothing otherthan — “a police force”. So long as this foundation is unimpaired,nothing else is of any importance and their rule willnot be shaken. The more the leaders of the CPSU cover upthe fact that the bourgeoisie relies on violence for its rule andspread the fairy tale of peaceful transition, which was so welcometo Dulles, the more they reveal their true colours ascronies of the imperialists in opposing revolution.REFUTATION OF THE “PARLIAMENTARY ROAD”The idea of the “parliamentary road” which was publicizedby the revisionists of the Second International was thoroughlyrefuted by Lenin and discredited long ago. But in Khrushchov’seyes, the parliamentary road seems suddenly to haveacquired validity after World War II.Is this true? Of course not.1J. F. Dulles, Address at the 41st Annual Convention of KiwanisInternational, June 21, 1956.2J. F. Dulles, Speech at the Annual Luncheon of the AssociatedPress on April 22, 1957, New York Times, April 23, 1957.388
Events since World War II have demonstrated yet again thatthe chief component of the bourgeois state machine is armedforce and not parliament. Parliament is only an ornamentand a screen for bourgeois rule. To adopt or discard the parliamentarysystem, to grant parliament greater or less power,to adopt one kind of electoral law or another — the choicebetween these alternatives is always dictated by the needs andinterests of bourgeois rule. So long as the bourgeoisie controlsthe military-bureaucratic apparatus, either the acquisition ofa “stable majority in parliament” by the proletariat throughelections is impossible, or this “stable majority” is undependable.To realize socialism through the “parliamentary road”is utterly impossible and is mere deceptive talk.About half the Communist Parties in the capitalist countriesare still illegal. Since these Parties have no legal status, thewinning of a parliamentary majority is, of course, out of thequestion.For example, the Communist Party of Spain lives underWhite terror and has no opportunity to run in elections. It ispathetic and tragic that Spanish Communist leaders like Ibarrurishould follow Khrushchov in advocating “peaceful transition”in Spain.With all the unfair restrictions imposed by bourgeois electorallaws in those capitalist countries where CommunistParties are legal and can take part in elections, it is very difficultfor them to win a majority of the votes under bourgeoisrule. And even if they get a majority of the votes, the bourgeoisiecan prevent them from obtaining a majority of the seatsin parliament by revising the electoral laws or by other means.For example, since World War II, the French monopolycapitalists have twice revised the electoral law, in each casebringing about a sharp fall in the parliamentary seats held bythe Communist Party of France. In the parliamentary electionin 1946, the CPF gained 182 seats. But in the election of 1951,the revision of the electoral law by the monopoly capitalistsresulted in a sharp reduction in the number of CPF seats to389
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From Marx to MaoML© Digital Reprin
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C O N T E N T SA PROPOSAL CONCERNIN
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DISTORTION OF THE LENINIST VIEW OF
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ANTAGONISTIC CLASSES AND CLASS STRU
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The Central Committee of the Commun
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to accept the fact that the people
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If one avoids a concrete class anal
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without wars”, a new world of “
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Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, the Sovi
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ple astray. The events of the last
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They are in fact protecting the int
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eactionary tendencies to compromise
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Social democracy is a bourgeois ide
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military apparatus — the primary
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The proletarian party must be flexi
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The superiority of the socialist sy
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Leninist ever has held or ever will
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Such is the Leninist policy. Any po
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pursued the policy of peaceful coex
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to develop relations of friendship,
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Between capitalist and communist so
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struggles no longer exist? How can
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dictatorship of the proletariat and
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mutual support and mutual assistanc
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If it is accepted that there are no
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The series of distressing developme
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U.S. imperialism and its NATO partn
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There must be a revolutionary party
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1963, the speech of the head of the
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questions calling for attention and
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THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTOF THE DI
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not imperialism is to be opposed, a
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particular, the complete negation o
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Congress that Khrushchov, in his re
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It is impossible for the leadership
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the dictatorship of the proletariat
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other enemies of communism, with ex
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tween the Soviet Union and Other So
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the leadership of the CPSU. We expr
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thesis that the seizure of politica
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Completely disregarding the revolut
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maligned China as warlike, guilty o
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socialist countries alone. We made
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“There are differences between us
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that the leadership of the CPSU wou
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It is true that, both before and du
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such a formulation about the 20th C
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hours later, violating what the fra
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The Programme crudely revises the e
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and to replace the Declaration and
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This is indeed an astounding event,
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views in the talks, put forward its
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anti-revolutionary line, between th
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CPSU leaders went farther and farth
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of the people throughout the world
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is seizing state power, to overthro
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ealized by using the old state mach
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2. The Communist Party of China has
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4. If the relations between our two
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full consultations and unhurried di
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HE question of Stalin is one of wor
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But no one can deny the internation
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from reality and from the masses. I
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created by the October Revolution;
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the great CPSU and the great Soviet
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Stalin. The leaders of the CPSU hav
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The Yakyirs, Balyitskys, Lyubehenky
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Stalin died in 1953; three years la
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This consistent and correct approac
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. . . in place of the old leaders,
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In the period of the Second Interna
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IS YUGOSLAVIAA SOCIALIST COUNTRY?Th
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In Khrushchov’s opinion, Yugoslav
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Can a country be socialist when the
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ing that private individuals have t
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No, the facts are quite the reverse
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The concentration of land is actual
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do not affect the private ownership
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estoration of the landlords and cap
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Engels wrote in Anti-Dühring, “T
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The Tito clique itself admits that
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the strictest observance of a singl
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or 47.4 per cent of the federal bud
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Everybody knows that state monopoly
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In these circumstances, Yugoslavia
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They said of the Vietnamese people
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to the Congo to take a direct part
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economy owned by the whole people i
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minority of exploiters, into a stat
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True, Yugoslavia was once a sociali
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Let us look at the facts. Have the
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9. The Tito clique sabotages the na
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capitalism may be restored. Yugosla
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APOLOGISTSOF NEO-COLONIALISM?Fourth
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wards this extremely sharp issue of
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moreover supplies cheap raw materia
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urgently demand the thorough elimin
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systems. But peaceful coexistence a
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established national states. If a m
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means the annihilation of mankind.
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21 and September 10, the Soviet Gov
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3. “The national democratic revol
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ourgeoisie or the national bourgeoi
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THE PATH OF NATIONALISM ANDDEGENERA
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He added:That is the path of nation
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However, some self-styled Marxist-L
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French monopoly capitalists, crying
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the geographical and racial princip
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Fifty years have gone by; imperiali
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international agreements”. 1 On t
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TWO DIFFERENT LINESON THE QUESTION
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The revisionist line is a wrong lin
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The revisionists of the Second Inte
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6. They spread the absurd theory th
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the footsteps of Bernstein and Kaut
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war policy, Kennedy’s deceptive p
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3. The U.S. Joint Strategic Target
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But the fact that the U.S. reaction
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The political meaning Of this metap
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It is clear that national liberatio
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history it is the only lawful, righ
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eliminated altogether because they
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We have always maintained that the
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peace. But Khrushchov’s military
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He drew the following historical le
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We consistently maintain that those
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Actually Khrushchov’s wrong appro
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They also intimidate the allies of
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PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE— TWO DIAMETR
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Let us now examine Lenin and Stalin
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Lenin said:International imperialis
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policy of the Soviet state “will
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. . . the very thought of peacefull
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And he answered in the negative,
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aggression, non-interference in eac
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daily weaker and the contradictions
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more clearly the necessity of peace
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Lenin’s policy of peaceful coexis
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imperialists wage cold wars, which
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The second question is: Can peacefu
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of the proletariat, was a base for
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. . . it is one thing to practise p
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uted to peaceful coexistence or des
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very phrase ‘coexistence’ is bo
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the United States? Very well! But o
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equirement that the socialist count
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e no war. Then if any madman wanted
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lies with the governments of two su
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All too often have the leaders of t
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THE LEADERS OF THE CPSUARE THE GREA
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While presenting themselves as cham
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tional at its Hague Congress, in wh
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ourgeois legality instead of utiliz
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and fought them face to face at the
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this struggle of opposites that Mar
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the bourgeoisie, they want the prol
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well as the only correct way to saf
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Party elements in the Chinese Commu
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pursued by these organizations and
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It is already clear that the revisi
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As Lenin said, the bourgeoisie unde
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demand of the people in the countri
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Whether one defends or opposes the
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evolution, at a particular historic
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. . . to the extent that the intern
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nist movement in pursuing the Marxi
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Page 352 and 353: us some time ago. It is precisely b
Page 354 and 355: ecause they accepted the revisionis
Page 356 and 357: In the face of these betrayals of t
Page 358 and 359: The leaders of the CPSU denounce Co
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Page 362 and 363: 15 and October 31, their twenty-six
Page 364 and 365: September 21 we have been eagerly w
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Page 368 and 369: If the leaders of the CPSU genuinel
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Page 381 and 382: Basing himself on the Marxist-Lenin
Page 383 and 384: On this question, the Marxist-Lenin
Page 385 and 386: The comrades of the delegation of t
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Page 389 and 390: Today, the leaders of the CPSU have
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Page 395 and 396: of the world and has opened up stil
Page 397 and 398: Today the United States of America
Page 399: nations not only have to cope with
Page 403 and 404: Events since World War II have also
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Page 409 and 410: deviation of legalism and the “Le
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Page 417 and 418: He spread the view that a new war w
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Page 423 and 424: OUR HOPESOnly eight years have elap
Page 425: Let us wind up this article with th
Page 429 and 430: HE theories of the proletarian revo
Page 431 and 432: The socialist system is incomparabl
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Page 439 and 440: of the proletariat over the bourgeo
Page 441 and 442: tryside. New bourgeois elements and
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Khrushchov has carried out a series
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odies, from leading Party and gover
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Tito clique “belong to one and th
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power is concentrated”. 1 The sta
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It is perfectly clear that accordin
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He concluded: “Complete consisten
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and the elimination of bourgeois de
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The formula of abolishing the dicta
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The basic principles concerning the
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Does it mean that formerly the memb
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At present, the revisionist Khrushc
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y the whole people. A communist soc
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Under this signboard, the Khrushcho
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times”. 1 He extols to the sky a
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How the imperialists are hoping for
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But now the revisionist Khrushchov
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The main contents of the theories a
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of their long revolutionary fight,
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ELEVENTH, the system of high salari
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are a sure guarantee that Communist
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the principle of “from the masses
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WHYKHRUSHCHEV FELLEditorial. Hongqi
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development as discovered by Marxis
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iating disgrace upon the great Sovi
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United States, incited and helped t
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the United States, could settle the
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to them to decide which direction t
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THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
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portunity for an exchange of opinio
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We have attentively studied your vi
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distribution of forces within the i
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Under present-day conditions it is
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will as before. This is a historic
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ditions of peaceful coexistence bet
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Party must take into account the ex
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the same time the choice pf the mea
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endeavour to strengthen its dominan
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just as in the socialist community,
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lead to a breaking away from life a
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mistakes and of helping to remedy t
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instability of the entire capitalis
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As far as Yugoslavia is concerned,
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ing polemics will be realized, and
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arisen, and in January this year pr
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ejected as groundless and slanderou
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the international proletariat and a
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sympathy and support of the Soviet
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views and signed the Statement only
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ment, was started among the Chinese
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ascribe to the CPSU and other Marxi
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sequences. The nuclear and rocket w
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ly as possible, but how and with wh
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all, the monopolists, the imperiali
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The Soviet Union’s persevering st
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much grief and suffering war brings
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juncture assumed the role of critic
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last century, Frederick Engels poin
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For this reason, to separate the fi
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The Chinese leaders, too, approved.
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Soviet people began to live better
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class struggle in the U.S.S.R.., an
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letter does not even mention the de
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Everyone who ponders on the meaning
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There can be no doubt about the ans
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economic and social interests of th
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How do the Chinese comrades solve t
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tion. It has acquired wider meaning
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— the socialist revolution is per
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In an effort to justify its actions
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Comrades from the CPC are making pa
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munist movement, they ignore the st
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Were we to follow the example of th
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mon struggle for peace, democracy,
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3—E—578S3—E—578P00270 ( t )
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