Polemic on General Line of International ... - From Marx to Mao

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sure of the people of all countries and for the sake of theirown vital interests.In contrast to the imperialists, socialist countries rely uponthe righteous strength of the people and on their own correctpolicies, and have no need whatever to gamble with nuclearweapons in the world arena. Socialist countries have nuclearweapons solely in order to defend themselves and to preventimperialism from launching a nuclear war.In the view of Marxist-Leninists, the people are the makersof history. In the present, as in the past, man is the decisivefactor. Marxist-Leninists attach importance to the role oftechnological change, but it is wrong to belittle the role ofman and exaggerate the role of technology.The emergence of nuclear weapons can neither arrest theprogress of human history nor save the imperialist systemfrom its doom, any more than the emergence of new techniquescould save the old systems from their doom in the past.The emergence of nuclear weapons does not and cannot resolvethe fundamental contradictions in the contemporaryworld, does not and cannot alter the law of class struggle, anddoes not and cannot change the nature of imperialism andreaction.It cannot, therefore, be said that with the emergence ofnuclear weapons the possibility and the necessity of socialand national revolutions have disappeared, or the basic principlesof Marxism-Leninism, and especially the theories ofproletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariatand of war and peace, have become outmoded and changedinto stale “dogmas”.16. It was Lenin who advanced the thesis that it is possiblefor the socialist countries to practise peaceful coexistencewith the capitalist countries. It is well known that after thegreat Soviet people had repulsed foreign armed interventionthe Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Soviet Government,led first by Lenin and then by Stalin, consistently30
pursued the policy of peaceful coexistence and that they wereforced to wage a war of self-defence only when attacked bythe German imperialists.Since its founding, the People’s Republic of China too hasconsistently pursued the policy of peaceful coexistence withcountries having different social systems, and it is China whichinitiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.However, a few years ago certain persons suddenly claimedLenin’s policy of peaceful coexistence as their own “greatdiscovery”. They maintain that they have a monopoly on theinterpretation of this policy. They treat “peaceful coexistence”as if it were an all-inclusive, mystical book from heaven andattribute to it every success the people of the world achieveby struggle. What is more, they label all who disagree withtheir distortions of Lenin’s views as opponents of peacefulcoexistence, as people completely ignorant of Lenin and Leninism,and as heretics deserving to be burnt at the stake.How can the Chinese Communists agree with this view andpractice? They cannot, it is impossible.Lenin’s principle of peaceful coexistence is very clear andreadily comprehensible by ordinary people. Peaceful coexistencedesignates a relationship between countries with differentsocial systems, and must not be interpreted as one pleases.It should never be extended to apply to the relations betweenoppressed and oppressor nations, between oppressed andoppressor countries or between oppressed and oppressorclasses, and never be described as the main content of thetransition from capitalism to socialism, still less should itbe asserted that peaceful coexistence is mankind’s road tosocialism. The reason is that it is one thing to practise peacefulcoexistence between countries with different social systems.It is absolutely impermissible and impossible for countriespractising peaceful coexistence to touch even a hair of eachother’s social system. The class struggle, the struggle fornational liberation and the transition from capitalism to socialismin various countries are quite another thing. They are31
Page 4 and 5: From Marx to MaoML© Digital Reprin
Page 7 and 8: C O N T E N T SA PROPOSAL CONCERNIN
Page 9 and 10: DISTORTION OF THE LENINIST VIEW OF
Page 11: ANTAGONISTIC CLASSES AND CLASS STRU
Page 15 and 16: The Central Committee of the Commun
Page 17 and 18: to accept the fact that the people
Page 19 and 20: If one avoids a concrete class anal
Page 21 and 22: without wars”, a new world of “
Page 23 and 24: Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, the Sovi
Page 25 and 26: ple astray. The events of the last
Page 27 and 28: They are in fact protecting the int
Page 29 and 30: eactionary tendencies to compromise
Page 31 and 32: Social democracy is a bourgeois ide
Page 33 and 34: military apparatus — the primary
Page 35 and 36: The proletarian party must be flexi
Page 37 and 38: The superiority of the socialist sy
Page 39 and 40: Leninist ever has held or ever will
Page 41: Such is the Leninist policy. Any po
Page 45 and 46: to develop relations of friendship,
Page 47 and 48: Between capitalist and communist so
Page 49 and 50: struggles no longer exist? How can
Page 51 and 52: dictatorship of the proletariat and
Page 53 and 54: mutual support and mutual assistanc
Page 55 and 56: If it is accepted that there are no
Page 57 and 58: The series of distressing developme
Page 59 and 60: U.S. imperialism and its NATO partn
Page 61 and 62: There must be a revolutionary party
Page 63 and 64: 1963, the speech of the head of the
Page 65 and 66: questions calling for attention and
Page 67: THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTOF THE DI
Page 70 and 71: not imperialism is to be opposed, a
Page 72 and 73: particular, the complete negation o
Page 74 and 75: Congress that Khrushchov, in his re
Page 76 and 77: It is impossible for the leadership
Page 78 and 79: the dictatorship of the proletariat
Page 80 and 81: other enemies of communism, with ex
Page 82 and 83: tween the Soviet Union and Other So
Page 84 and 85: the leadership of the CPSU. We expr
Page 86 and 87: thesis that the seizure of politica
Page 88 and 89: Completely disregarding the revolut
Page 90 and 91: maligned China as warlike, guilty o
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socialist countries alone. We made
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“There are differences between us
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that the leadership of the CPSU wou
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It is true that, both before and du
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such a formulation about the 20th C
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hours later, violating what the fra
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The Programme crudely revises the e
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and to replace the Declaration and
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This is indeed an astounding event,
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views in the talks, put forward its
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anti-revolutionary line, between th
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CPSU leaders went farther and farth
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of the people throughout the world
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is seizing state power, to overthro
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ealized by using the old state mach
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2. The Communist Party of China has
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4. If the relations between our two
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full consultations and unhurried di
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HE question of Stalin is one of wor
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But no one can deny the internation
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from reality and from the masses. I
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created by the October Revolution;
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the great CPSU and the great Soviet
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Stalin. The leaders of the CPSU hav
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The Yakyirs, Balyitskys, Lyubehenky
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Stalin died in 1953; three years la
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This consistent and correct approac
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. . . in place of the old leaders,
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In the period of the Second Interna
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IS YUGOSLAVIAA SOCIALIST COUNTRY?Th
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In Khrushchov’s opinion, Yugoslav
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Can a country be socialist when the
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ing that private individuals have t
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No, the facts are quite the reverse
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The concentration of land is actual
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do not affect the private ownership
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estoration of the landlords and cap
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Engels wrote in Anti-Dühring, “T
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The Tito clique itself admits that
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the strictest observance of a singl
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or 47.4 per cent of the federal bud
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Everybody knows that state monopoly
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In these circumstances, Yugoslavia
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They said of the Vietnamese people
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to the Congo to take a direct part
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economy owned by the whole people i
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minority of exploiters, into a stat
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True, Yugoslavia was once a sociali
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Let us look at the facts. Have the
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9. The Tito clique sabotages the na
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capitalism may be restored. Yugosla
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APOLOGISTSOF NEO-COLONIALISM?Fourth
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wards this extremely sharp issue of
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moreover supplies cheap raw materia
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urgently demand the thorough elimin
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systems. But peaceful coexistence a
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established national states. If a m
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means the annihilation of mankind.
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21 and September 10, the Soviet Gov
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3. “The national democratic revol
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ourgeoisie or the national bourgeoi
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THE PATH OF NATIONALISM ANDDEGENERA
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He added:That is the path of nation
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However, some self-styled Marxist-L
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French monopoly capitalists, crying
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the geographical and racial princip
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Fifty years have gone by; imperiali
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international agreements”. 1 On t
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TWO DIFFERENT LINESON THE QUESTION
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The revisionist line is a wrong lin
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The revisionists of the Second Inte
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6. They spread the absurd theory th
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the footsteps of Bernstein and Kaut
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war policy, Kennedy’s deceptive p
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3. The U.S. Joint Strategic Target
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But the fact that the U.S. reaction
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The political meaning Of this metap
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It is clear that national liberatio
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history it is the only lawful, righ
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eliminated altogether because they
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We have always maintained that the
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peace. But Khrushchov’s military
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He drew the following historical le
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We consistently maintain that those
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Actually Khrushchov’s wrong appro
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They also intimidate the allies of
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PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE— TWO DIAMETR
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Let us now examine Lenin and Stalin
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Lenin said:International imperialis
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policy of the Soviet state “will
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. . . the very thought of peacefull
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And he answered in the negative,
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aggression, non-interference in eac
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daily weaker and the contradictions
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more clearly the necessity of peace
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Lenin’s policy of peaceful coexis
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imperialists wage cold wars, which
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The second question is: Can peacefu
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of the proletariat, was a base for
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. . . it is one thing to practise p
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uted to peaceful coexistence or des
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very phrase ‘coexistence’ is bo
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the United States? Very well! But o
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equirement that the socialist count
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e no war. Then if any madman wanted
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lies with the governments of two su
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All too often have the leaders of t
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THE LEADERS OF THE CPSUARE THE GREA
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While presenting themselves as cham
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tional at its Hague Congress, in wh
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ourgeois legality instead of utiliz
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and fought them face to face at the
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this struggle of opposites that Mar
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the bourgeoisie, they want the prol
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well as the only correct way to saf
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Party elements in the Chinese Commu
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pursued by these organizations and
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It is already clear that the revisi
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As Lenin said, the bourgeoisie unde
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demand of the people in the countri
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Whether one defends or opposes the
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evolution, at a particular historic
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. . . to the extent that the intern
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nist movement in pursuing the Marxi
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time unites with all the others. He
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us some time ago. It is precisely b
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ecause they accepted the revisionis
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In the face of these betrayals of t
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The leaders of the CPSU denounce Co
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ists are taking place. The revision
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15 and October 31, their twenty-six
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September 21 we have been eagerly w
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debate in the international communi
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If the leaders of the CPSU genuinel
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guiding relations among fraternal P
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HE present article will discuss the
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the socialist transformation of soc
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preach a violent political overthro
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dictatorship of the proletariat has
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Basing himself on the Marxist-Lenin
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On this question, the Marxist-Lenin
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The comrades of the delegation of t
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are re-publishing the complete text
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Today, the leaders of the CPSU have
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armed the workers, strove to win ov
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a people’s democratic dictatorshi
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of the world and has opened up stil
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Today the United States of America
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nations not only have to cope with
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Events since World War II have demo
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Events since World War II have also
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ut also on the preparations and eff
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tionary struggles of the Asian, Afr
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deviation of legalism and the “Le
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Kautskyism and social democracy, an
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3. U.S. imperialism is the arch ene
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ceased to give active support to th
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He spread the view that a new war w
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talism with socialism, asserting th
Page 421 and 422:
a political detachment of the bourg
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OUR HOPESOnly eight years have elap
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Let us wind up this article with th
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HE theories of the proletarian revo
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The socialist system is incomparabl
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. New elements of capitalism are co
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the socialist countries or to make
Page 437 and 438:
The development of socialist societ
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of the proletariat over the bourgeo
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tryside. New bourgeois elements and
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dozens of suits”. He was also a b
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they “fleeced the collective farm
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speculators engaged in the re-sale
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position to the workers, the peasan
Page 451 and 452:
Khrushchov has carried out a series
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odies, from leading Party and gover
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Tito clique “belong to one and th
Page 457 and 458:
power is concentrated”. 1 The sta
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It is perfectly clear that accordin
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He concluded: “Complete consisten
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and the elimination of bourgeois de
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The formula of abolishing the dicta
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The basic principles concerning the
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Does it mean that formerly the memb
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At present, the revisionist Khrushc
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y the whole people. A communist soc
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Under this signboard, the Khrushcho
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times”. 1 He extols to the sky a
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How the imperialists are hoping for
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But now the revisionist Khrushchov
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The main contents of the theories a
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of their long revolutionary fight,
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ELEVENTH, the system of high salari
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are a sure guarantee that Communist
Page 491 and 492:
the principle of “from the masses
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WHYKHRUSHCHEV FELLEditorial. Hongqi
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development as discovered by Marxis
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iating disgrace upon the great Sovi
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United States, incited and helped t
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the United States, could settle the
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to them to decide which direction t
Page 507 and 508:
THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
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portunity for an exchange of opinio
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We have attentively studied your vi
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distribution of forces within the i
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Under present-day conditions it is
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will as before. This is a historic
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ditions of peaceful coexistence bet
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Party must take into account the ex
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the same time the choice pf the mea
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endeavour to strengthen its dominan
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just as in the socialist community,
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lead to a breaking away from life a
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mistakes and of helping to remedy t
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instability of the entire capitalis
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As far as Yugoslavia is concerned,
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ing polemics will be realized, and
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arisen, and in January this year pr
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ejected as groundless and slanderou
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the international proletariat and a
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sympathy and support of the Soviet
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views and signed the Statement only
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ment, was started among the Chinese
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ascribe to the CPSU and other Marxi
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sequences. The nuclear and rocket w
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ly as possible, but how and with wh
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all, the monopolists, the imperiali
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The Soviet Union’s persevering st
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much grief and suffering war brings
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juncture assumed the role of critic
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last century, Frederick Engels poin
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For this reason, to separate the fi
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The Chinese leaders, too, approved.
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Soviet people began to live better
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class struggle in the U.S.S.R.., an
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letter does not even mention the de
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Everyone who ponders on the meaning
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There can be no doubt about the ans
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economic and social interests of th
Page 583 and 584:
How do the Chinese comrades solve t
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tion. It has acquired wider meaning
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— the socialist revolution is per
Page 589 and 590:
In an effort to justify its actions
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Comrades from the CPC are making pa
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munist movement, they ignore the st
Page 595 and 596:
Were we to follow the example of th
Page 597 and 598:
mon struggle for peace, democracy,
Page 599 and 600:
3—E—578S3—E—578P00270 ( t )
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