Polemic on General Line of International ... - From Marx to Mao

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Let us now examine Lenin and Stalin’s policy of peacefulcoexistence and the stuff Khrushchov and others call thegeneral line of peaceful coexistence.LENIN AND STALIN’S POLICY OF PEACEFULCOEXISTENCEIt was Lenin who advanced the idea that the socialist stateshould pursue a policy of peaceful coexistence towards countrieswith different social systems. This correct policy waslong followed by the Communist Party and the Governmentof the Soviet Union under the leadership of Lenin and Stalin.The question of peaceful coexistence between socialist andcapitalist countries could not possibly have arisen prior to theOctober Revolution, since there was no socialist country inexistence. Nevertheless, on the basis of his scientific analysisof imperialism, Lenin foresaw in 1915-16 that “socialism cannotachieve victory simultaneously in all countries. It willachieve victory first in one or several countries, while theothers will remain bourgeois or pre-bourgeois for some time”. 1In other words, within a certain period of time, socialist countrieswould exist side by side with capitalist or pre-capitalistcountries. The very nature of the socialist system determinesthat socialist countries must pursue a foreign policy of peace.Lenin said, “Only the working class, when it wins power, canpursue a policy of peace not in words . . . but in deeds.” 2These views of Lenin’s can be said to constitute the theoreticalbasis of the policy of peaceful coexistence.After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin proclaimedto the world on many occasions that the foreign policyof the Soviet state was one of peace. But the imperialists1V. I. Lenin, “The War Program of the Proletarian Revolution”,Selected Works, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, 1950, Vol. I, Part 2, p. 571.2V. I. Lenin, “Draft Resolution on the Current Moment in Politics”,Collected Works, Russ. ed., SPPL, Moscow, 1949, Vol. XXV, pp. 291-92.262
were bent on strangling the new-born socialist republic in itscradle. They launched armed intervention against the Sovietstate. Lenin rightly pointed out that confronted with thissituation “unless we defended the socialist republic by forceof arms, we could not exist”. 1By 1920 the great Soviet people had defeated the imperialistarmed intervention. A relative equilibrium of forces hadcome into being between the Soviet state and the imperialistcountries. After trials of strength over several years, theSoviet state had stood its ground. It began to turn from warto peaceful construction. It was in these circumstances thatLenin advanced the idea of a policy of peaceful coexistence.In fact, from that time onwards the imperialists had no choicebut to “coexist” with the Soviet state.During Lenin’s lifetime, this equilibrium was always highlyunstable and the Soviet Socialist Republic was subject tostringent capitalist encirclement. Time and again Leninpointed out that owing to the aggressive nature of imperialismthere was no guarantee that socialism and capitalism wouldlive in peace for long.In the prevailing conditions, it was not yet possible for himto define at length the content of the policy of peaceful coexistencebetween countries with different social systems. Butthe great Lenin laid down the correct foreign policy for thefirst state of the dictatorship of the proletariat and advancedthe basic ideas of the policy of peaceful coexistence.What were Lenin’s basic ideas on this policy?First, Lenin pointed out that the socialist state existed indefiance of the imperialists’ will. Although it adhered to theforeign policy of peace, the imperialists had no desire to livein peace with it and would do everything possible and seizeevery opportunity to oppose or even destroy the socialist state.1V. I. Lenin, “Report of the Central Committee of the Russian CommunistParty (Bolsheviks) at the Eighth Party Congress”, SelectedWorks, Eng. ed., International Publishers, New York, 1943, Vol. VIII,pp. 33.263
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From Marx to MaoML© Digital Reprin
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C O N T E N T SA PROPOSAL CONCERNIN
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DISTORTION OF THE LENINIST VIEW OF
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ANTAGONISTIC CLASSES AND CLASS STRU
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The Central Committee of the Commun
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to accept the fact that the people
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If one avoids a concrete class anal
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without wars”, a new world of “
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Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, the Sovi
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ple astray. The events of the last
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They are in fact protecting the int
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eactionary tendencies to compromise
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Social democracy is a bourgeois ide
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military apparatus — the primary
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The proletarian party must be flexi
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The superiority of the socialist sy
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Leninist ever has held or ever will
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Such is the Leninist policy. Any po
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pursued the policy of peaceful coex
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to develop relations of friendship,
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Between capitalist and communist so
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struggles no longer exist? How can
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dictatorship of the proletariat and
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mutual support and mutual assistanc
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If it is accepted that there are no
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The series of distressing developme
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U.S. imperialism and its NATO partn
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There must be a revolutionary party
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1963, the speech of the head of the
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questions calling for attention and
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THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTOF THE DI
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not imperialism is to be opposed, a
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particular, the complete negation o
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Congress that Khrushchov, in his re
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It is impossible for the leadership
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the dictatorship of the proletariat
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other enemies of communism, with ex
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tween the Soviet Union and Other So
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the leadership of the CPSU. We expr
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thesis that the seizure of politica
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Completely disregarding the revolut
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maligned China as warlike, guilty o
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socialist countries alone. We made
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“There are differences between us
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that the leadership of the CPSU wou
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It is true that, both before and du
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such a formulation about the 20th C
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hours later, violating what the fra
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The Programme crudely revises the e
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and to replace the Declaration and
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This is indeed an astounding event,
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views in the talks, put forward its
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anti-revolutionary line, between th
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CPSU leaders went farther and farth
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of the people throughout the world
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is seizing state power, to overthro
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ealized by using the old state mach
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2. The Communist Party of China has
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4. If the relations between our two
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full consultations and unhurried di
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HE question of Stalin is one of wor
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But no one can deny the internation
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from reality and from the masses. I
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created by the October Revolution;
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the great CPSU and the great Soviet
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Stalin. The leaders of the CPSU hav
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The Yakyirs, Balyitskys, Lyubehenky
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Stalin died in 1953; three years la
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This consistent and correct approac
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. . . in place of the old leaders,
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In the period of the Second Interna
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IS YUGOSLAVIAA SOCIALIST COUNTRY?Th
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In Khrushchov’s opinion, Yugoslav
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Can a country be socialist when the
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ing that private individuals have t
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No, the facts are quite the reverse
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The concentration of land is actual
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do not affect the private ownership
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estoration of the landlords and cap
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Engels wrote in Anti-Dühring, “T
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The Tito clique itself admits that
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the strictest observance of a singl
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or 47.4 per cent of the federal bud
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Everybody knows that state monopoly
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In these circumstances, Yugoslavia
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They said of the Vietnamese people
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to the Congo to take a direct part
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economy owned by the whole people i
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minority of exploiters, into a stat
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True, Yugoslavia was once a sociali
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Let us look at the facts. Have the
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9. The Tito clique sabotages the na
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capitalism may be restored. Yugosla
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APOLOGISTSOF NEO-COLONIALISM?Fourth
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wards this extremely sharp issue of
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moreover supplies cheap raw materia
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urgently demand the thorough elimin
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systems. But peaceful coexistence a
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established national states. If a m
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means the annihilation of mankind.
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21 and September 10, the Soviet Gov
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3. “The national democratic revol
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ourgeoisie or the national bourgeoi
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THE PATH OF NATIONALISM ANDDEGENERA
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He added:That is the path of nation
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However, some self-styled Marxist-L
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Page 233: TWO DIFFERENT LINESON THE QUESTION
Page 236 and 237: The revisionist line is a wrong lin
Page 238 and 239: The revisionists of the Second Inte
Page 240 and 241: 6. They spread the absurd theory th
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Page 244 and 245: war policy, Kennedy’s deceptive p
Page 246 and 247: 3. The U.S. Joint Strategic Target
Page 248 and 249: But the fact that the U.S. reaction
Page 250 and 251: The political meaning Of this metap
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Page 258 and 259: We have always maintained that the
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Page 262 and 263: He drew the following historical le
Page 264 and 265: We consistently maintain that those
Page 266 and 267: Actually Khrushchov’s wrong appro
Page 268 and 269: They also intimidate the allies of
Page 271: PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE— TWO DIAMETR
Page 276 and 277: Lenin said:International imperialis
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Page 282 and 283: And he answered in the negative,
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Page 294 and 295: The second question is: Can peacefu
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Page 298 and 299: . . . it is one thing to practise p
Page 300 and 301: uted to peaceful coexistence or des
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Page 304 and 305: the United States? Very well! But o
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Page 308 and 309: e no war. Then if any madman wanted
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Page 312 and 313: All too often have the leaders of t
Page 315: THE LEADERS OF THE CPSUARE THE GREA
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and fought them face to face at the
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this struggle of opposites that Mar
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the bourgeoisie, they want the prol
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well as the only correct way to saf
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Party elements in the Chinese Commu
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pursued by these organizations and
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It is already clear that the revisi
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As Lenin said, the bourgeoisie unde
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demand of the people in the countri
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Whether one defends or opposes the
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evolution, at a particular historic
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. . . to the extent that the intern
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nist movement in pursuing the Marxi
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time unites with all the others. He
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us some time ago. It is precisely b
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ecause they accepted the revisionis
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In the face of these betrayals of t
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The leaders of the CPSU denounce Co
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ists are taking place. The revision
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15 and October 31, their twenty-six
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September 21 we have been eagerly w
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debate in the international communi
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If the leaders of the CPSU genuinel
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guiding relations among fraternal P
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HE present article will discuss the
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the socialist transformation of soc
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preach a violent political overthro
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dictatorship of the proletariat has
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Basing himself on the Marxist-Lenin
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On this question, the Marxist-Lenin
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The comrades of the delegation of t
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are re-publishing the complete text
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Today, the leaders of the CPSU have
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armed the workers, strove to win ov
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a people’s democratic dictatorshi
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of the world and has opened up stil
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Today the United States of America
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nations not only have to cope with
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Events since World War II have demo
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Events since World War II have also
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ut also on the preparations and eff
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tionary struggles of the Asian, Afr
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deviation of legalism and the “Le
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Kautskyism and social democracy, an
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3. U.S. imperialism is the arch ene
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ceased to give active support to th
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He spread the view that a new war w
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talism with socialism, asserting th
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a political detachment of the bourg
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OUR HOPESOnly eight years have elap
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Let us wind up this article with th
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HE theories of the proletarian revo
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The socialist system is incomparabl
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. New elements of capitalism are co
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the socialist countries or to make
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The development of socialist societ
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of the proletariat over the bourgeo
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tryside. New bourgeois elements and
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dozens of suits”. He was also a b
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they “fleeced the collective farm
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speculators engaged in the re-sale
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position to the workers, the peasan
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Khrushchov has carried out a series
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odies, from leading Party and gover
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Tito clique “belong to one and th
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power is concentrated”. 1 The sta
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It is perfectly clear that accordin
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He concluded: “Complete consisten
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and the elimination of bourgeois de
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The formula of abolishing the dicta
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The basic principles concerning the
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Does it mean that formerly the memb
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At present, the revisionist Khrushc
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y the whole people. A communist soc
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Under this signboard, the Khrushcho
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times”. 1 He extols to the sky a
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How the imperialists are hoping for
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But now the revisionist Khrushchov
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The main contents of the theories a
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of their long revolutionary fight,
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ELEVENTH, the system of high salari
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are a sure guarantee that Communist
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the principle of “from the masses
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WHYKHRUSHCHEV FELLEditorial. Hongqi
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development as discovered by Marxis
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iating disgrace upon the great Sovi
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United States, incited and helped t
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the United States, could settle the
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to them to decide which direction t
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THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
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portunity for an exchange of opinio
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We have attentively studied your vi
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distribution of forces within the i
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Under present-day conditions it is
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will as before. This is a historic
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ditions of peaceful coexistence bet
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Party must take into account the ex
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the same time the choice pf the mea
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endeavour to strengthen its dominan
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just as in the socialist community,
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lead to a breaking away from life a
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mistakes and of helping to remedy t
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instability of the entire capitalis
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As far as Yugoslavia is concerned,
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ing polemics will be realized, and
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arisen, and in January this year pr
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ejected as groundless and slanderou
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the international proletariat and a
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sympathy and support of the Soviet
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views and signed the Statement only
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ment, was started among the Chinese
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ascribe to the CPSU and other Marxi
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sequences. The nuclear and rocket w
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ly as possible, but how and with wh
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all, the monopolists, the imperiali
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The Soviet Union’s persevering st
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much grief and suffering war brings
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juncture assumed the role of critic
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last century, Frederick Engels poin
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For this reason, to separate the fi
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The Chinese leaders, too, approved.
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Soviet people began to live better
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class struggle in the U.S.S.R.., an
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letter does not even mention the de
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Everyone who ponders on the meaning
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There can be no doubt about the ans
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economic and social interests of th
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How do the Chinese comrades solve t
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tion. It has acquired wider meaning
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— the socialist revolution is per
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In an effort to justify its actions
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Comrades from the CPC are making pa
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munist movement, they ignore the st
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Were we to follow the example of th
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mon struggle for peace, democracy,
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3—E—578S3—E—578P00270 ( t )
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