Polemic on General Line of International ... - From Marx to Mao

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masses. The numerous cadres of the Chinese CommunistParty have been educated and tempered in rectification movementsand sharp class struggles. All these factors make itvery difficult to restore capitalism in our country.But let us look at the facts. Is our society today thoroughlyclean? No, it is not. Classes and class struggle still remain,the activities of the overthrown reactionary classes plotting acomeback still continue, and we still have speculative activitiesby old and new bourgeois elements and desperate foraysby embezzlers, grafters and degenerates. There are also casesof degeneration in a few primary organizations; what is more,these degenerates do their utmost to find protectors and agentsin the higher leading bodies. We should not in the leastslacken our vigilance against such phenomena but must keepfully alert.The struggle in the socialist countries between the road ofsocialism and the road of capitalism — between the forces ofcapitalism attempting a comeback and the forces opposing it —is unavoidable. But the restoration of capitalism in the socialistcountries and their degeneration into capitalist countriesare certainly not unavoidable. We can prevent the restorationof capitalism so long as there is a correct leadership anda correct understanding of the problem, so long as we adhereto the revolutionary Marxist-Leninist line, take the appropriatemeasures and wage a prolonged, unremitting struggle.The struggle between the socialist and capitalist roads canbecome a driving force for social advance.How can the restoration of capitalism be prevented? Onthis question Comrade Mao Tse-tung has formulated a setof theories and policies, after summing up the practical experienceof the dictatorship of the proletariat in China andstudying the positive and negative experience of other countries,mainly of the Soviet Union, in accordance with the basicprinciples of Marxism-Leninism, and has thus enriched anddeveloped the Marxist Leninist theory of the dictatorship ofthe proletariat.470
The main contents of the theories and policies advancedby Comrade Mao Tse-tung in this connection are as follows:FIRST, it is necessary to apply the Marxist-Leninist law ofthe unity of opposites to the study of socialist society. Thelaw of contradiction in all things, i.e., the law of the unityof opposites, is the fundamental law of materialist dialectics.It operates everywhere, whether in the natural world, inhuman society, or in human thought. The opposites in a contradictionboth unite and struggle with each other, and it isthis that forces things to move and change. Socialist societyis no exception. In socialist society there are two kinds ofsocial contradictions, namely, the contradictions among thepeople and those between ourselves and the enemy. Thesetwo kinds of social contradictions are entirely different in theiressence, and the methods for handling them should be different,too. Their correct handling will result in the increasingconsolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat and thefurther strengthening and development of socialist society.Many people acknowledge the law of the unity of oppositesbut are unable to apply it in studying and handling questionsin socialist society. They refuse to admit that there are contradictionsin socialist society -- that there are not only contradictionsbetween ourselves and the enemy but also contradictionsamong the people -- and they do not know howto distinguish between these two kinds of social contradictionsand how to handle them correctly, and are therefore unableto deal correctly with the question of the dictatorship of theproletariat.SECOND, socialist society covers a very long historicalperiod. Classes and class struggle continue to exist in thissociety, and the struggle still goes on between the road of socialismand the road of capitalism. The socialist revolution onthe economic front (in the ownership of the means of production)is insufficient by itself and cannot be consolidated. Theremust also be a thorough socialist revolution on the political andideological fronts. Here a very long period of time is needed471
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From Marx to MaoML© Digital Reprin
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C O N T E N T SA PROPOSAL CONCERNIN
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DISTORTION OF THE LENINIST VIEW OF
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ANTAGONISTIC CLASSES AND CLASS STRU
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The Central Committee of the Commun
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to accept the fact that the people
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If one avoids a concrete class anal
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without wars”, a new world of “
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Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, the Sovi
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ple astray. The events of the last
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They are in fact protecting the int
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eactionary tendencies to compromise
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Social democracy is a bourgeois ide
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military apparatus — the primary
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The proletarian party must be flexi
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The superiority of the socialist sy
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Leninist ever has held or ever will
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Such is the Leninist policy. Any po
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pursued the policy of peaceful coex
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to develop relations of friendship,
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Between capitalist and communist so
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struggles no longer exist? How can
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dictatorship of the proletariat and
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mutual support and mutual assistanc
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If it is accepted that there are no
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The series of distressing developme
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U.S. imperialism and its NATO partn
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There must be a revolutionary party
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1963, the speech of the head of the
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questions calling for attention and
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THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTOF THE DI
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not imperialism is to be opposed, a
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particular, the complete negation o
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Congress that Khrushchov, in his re
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It is impossible for the leadership
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the dictatorship of the proletariat
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other enemies of communism, with ex
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tween the Soviet Union and Other So
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the leadership of the CPSU. We expr
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thesis that the seizure of politica
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Completely disregarding the revolut
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maligned China as warlike, guilty o
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socialist countries alone. We made
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“There are differences between us
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that the leadership of the CPSU wou
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It is true that, both before and du
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such a formulation about the 20th C
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hours later, violating what the fra
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The Programme crudely revises the e
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and to replace the Declaration and
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This is indeed an astounding event,
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views in the talks, put forward its
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anti-revolutionary line, between th
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CPSU leaders went farther and farth
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of the people throughout the world
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is seizing state power, to overthro
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ealized by using the old state mach
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2. The Communist Party of China has
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4. If the relations between our two
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full consultations and unhurried di
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HE question of Stalin is one of wor
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But no one can deny the internation
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from reality and from the masses. I
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created by the October Revolution;
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the great CPSU and the great Soviet
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Stalin. The leaders of the CPSU hav
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The Yakyirs, Balyitskys, Lyubehenky
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Stalin died in 1953; three years la
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This consistent and correct approac
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. . . in place of the old leaders,
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In the period of the Second Interna
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IS YUGOSLAVIAA SOCIALIST COUNTRY?Th
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In Khrushchov’s opinion, Yugoslav
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Can a country be socialist when the
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ing that private individuals have t
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No, the facts are quite the reverse
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The concentration of land is actual
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do not affect the private ownership
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estoration of the landlords and cap
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Engels wrote in Anti-Dühring, “T
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The Tito clique itself admits that
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the strictest observance of a singl
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or 47.4 per cent of the federal bud
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Everybody knows that state monopoly
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In these circumstances, Yugoslavia
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They said of the Vietnamese people
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to the Congo to take a direct part
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economy owned by the whole people i
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minority of exploiters, into a stat
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True, Yugoslavia was once a sociali
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Let us look at the facts. Have the
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9. The Tito clique sabotages the na
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capitalism may be restored. Yugosla
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APOLOGISTSOF NEO-COLONIALISM?Fourth
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wards this extremely sharp issue of
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moreover supplies cheap raw materia
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urgently demand the thorough elimin
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systems. But peaceful coexistence a
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established national states. If a m
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means the annihilation of mankind.
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21 and September 10, the Soviet Gov
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3. “The national democratic revol
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ourgeoisie or the national bourgeoi
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THE PATH OF NATIONALISM ANDDEGENERA
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He added:That is the path of nation
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However, some self-styled Marxist-L
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French monopoly capitalists, crying
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the geographical and racial princip
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Fifty years have gone by; imperiali
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international agreements”. 1 On t
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TWO DIFFERENT LINESON THE QUESTION
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The revisionist line is a wrong lin
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The revisionists of the Second Inte
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6. They spread the absurd theory th
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the footsteps of Bernstein and Kaut
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war policy, Kennedy’s deceptive p
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3. The U.S. Joint Strategic Target
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But the fact that the U.S. reaction
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The political meaning Of this metap
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It is clear that national liberatio
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history it is the only lawful, righ
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eliminated altogether because they
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We have always maintained that the
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peace. But Khrushchov’s military
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He drew the following historical le
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We consistently maintain that those
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Actually Khrushchov’s wrong appro
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They also intimidate the allies of
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PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE— TWO DIAMETR
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Let us now examine Lenin and Stalin
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Lenin said:International imperialis
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policy of the Soviet state “will
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. . . the very thought of peacefull
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And he answered in the negative,
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aggression, non-interference in eac
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daily weaker and the contradictions
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more clearly the necessity of peace
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Lenin’s policy of peaceful coexis
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imperialists wage cold wars, which
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The second question is: Can peacefu
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of the proletariat, was a base for
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. . . it is one thing to practise p
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uted to peaceful coexistence or des
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very phrase ‘coexistence’ is bo
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the United States? Very well! But o
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equirement that the socialist count
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e no war. Then if any madman wanted
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lies with the governments of two su
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All too often have the leaders of t
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THE LEADERS OF THE CPSUARE THE GREA
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While presenting themselves as cham
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tional at its Hague Congress, in wh
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ourgeois legality instead of utiliz
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and fought them face to face at the
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this struggle of opposites that Mar
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the bourgeoisie, they want the prol
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well as the only correct way to saf
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Party elements in the Chinese Commu
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pursued by these organizations and
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It is already clear that the revisi
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As Lenin said, the bourgeoisie unde
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demand of the people in the countri
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Whether one defends or opposes the
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evolution, at a particular historic
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. . . to the extent that the intern
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nist movement in pursuing the Marxi
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time unites with all the others. He
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us some time ago. It is precisely b
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ecause they accepted the revisionis
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In the face of these betrayals of t
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The leaders of the CPSU denounce Co
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ists are taking place. The revision
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15 and October 31, their twenty-six
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September 21 we have been eagerly w
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debate in the international communi
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If the leaders of the CPSU genuinel
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guiding relations among fraternal P
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HE present article will discuss the
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the socialist transformation of soc
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preach a violent political overthro
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dictatorship of the proletariat has
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Basing himself on the Marxist-Lenin
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On this question, the Marxist-Lenin
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The comrades of the delegation of t
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are re-publishing the complete text
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Today, the leaders of the CPSU have
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armed the workers, strove to win ov
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a people’s democratic dictatorshi
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of the world and has opened up stil
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Today the United States of America
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nations not only have to cope with
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Events since World War II have demo
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Events since World War II have also
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ut also on the preparations and eff
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tionary struggles of the Asian, Afr
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deviation of legalism and the “Le
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Kautskyism and social democracy, an
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3. U.S. imperialism is the arch ene
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ceased to give active support to th
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He spread the view that a new war w
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talism with socialism, asserting th
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a political detachment of the bourg
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OUR HOPESOnly eight years have elap
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Let us wind up this article with th
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HE theories of the proletarian revo
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Page 453 and 454: odies, from leading Party and gover
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Page 461 and 462: He concluded: “Complete consisten
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Page 467 and 468: The basic principles concerning the
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Page 471 and 472: At present, the revisionist Khrushc
Page 473 and 474: y the whole people. A communist soc
Page 475 and 476: Under this signboard, the Khrushcho
Page 477 and 478: times”. 1 He extols to the sky a
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Page 487 and 488: ELEVENTH, the system of high salari
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Page 493: WHYKHRUSHCHEV FELLEditorial. Hongqi
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Page 507 and 508: THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
Page 509 and 510: portunity for an exchange of opinio
Page 511 and 512: We have attentively studied your vi
Page 513 and 514: distribution of forces within the i
Page 515 and 516: Under present-day conditions it is
Page 517 and 518: will as before. This is a historic
Page 519 and 520: ditions of peaceful coexistence bet
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instability of the entire capitalis
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As far as Yugoslavia is concerned,
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ing polemics will be realized, and
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arisen, and in January this year pr
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ejected as groundless and slanderou
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the international proletariat and a
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sympathy and support of the Soviet
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views and signed the Statement only
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ment, was started among the Chinese
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ascribe to the CPSU and other Marxi
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sequences. The nuclear and rocket w
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ly as possible, but how and with wh
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all, the monopolists, the imperiali
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The Soviet Union’s persevering st
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much grief and suffering war brings
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juncture assumed the role of critic
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last century, Frederick Engels poin
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For this reason, to separate the fi
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The Chinese leaders, too, approved.
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Soviet people began to live better
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class struggle in the U.S.S.R.., an
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letter does not even mention the de
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Everyone who ponders on the meaning
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There can be no doubt about the ans
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economic and social interests of th
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How do the Chinese comrades solve t
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tion. It has acquired wider meaning
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— the socialist revolution is per
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In an effort to justify its actions
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Comrades from the CPC are making pa
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munist movement, they ignore the st
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Were we to follow the example of th
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mon struggle for peace, democracy,
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3—E—578S3—E—578P00270 ( t )
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