Polemic on General Line of International ... - From Marx to Mao

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leadership (hegemony) as a requisite for victory in the antiimperialiststruggle. Only given such hegemony, can themovement, in the final analysis, acquire a genuine socialistcharacter, culminating in its transition to the path of socialistrevolution.That idea of Lenin, verified by the experience of the OctoberRevolution and of other countries, has never aroused doubt inanyone. It appears, however, that the Chinese comrades wantto “correct” Lenin and prove that hegemony in the worldstruggle against imperialism should go not to the workingclass, but to the petty bourgeoisie or the national bourgeoisie,even to “certain patriotically-minded kings, princes and aristocrats.”And after that the CPC leadership sets out to teachthe world communist movement that never, under no circumstances,must we abandon our proletarian, class approach!The earnest of future victories, both of the internationalworking class and the national-liberation movement, lies intheir firm alliance and co-operation, in joint struggle, dictatedby their common interests, against imperialism. In this struggle,the working class, by its selfless dedication to the interestsof all the peoples, wins acceptance of its leading part andconvinces its allies that its leadership is a reliable guaranteeof victory for itself and for them.Our Leninist party regards the national-liberation movementas a component part of the world revolutionary process, as amighty force combating imperialism. The great slogan“Workers of All Countries, United”, given us by Marx andEngels, the founders of scientific communism, became thebattle banner of the international proletariat. In the newconditions of history created by the victory of the GreatOctober Revolution, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who continued thework of Marx and Engels, especially emphasized the unbreakablelink between the socialist revolution and the nationalliberationmovement.“Workers of All Countries, Unite!” was and remains thechief slogan in the struggle for the victory of the world revolu-572
tion. It has acquired wider meaning in the new conditions.We know that Lenin approved the slogan: “Workers of AllCountries and Oppressed Peoples, Unite!” Emphasized in thisslogan is the leading role of the proletariat and the enhancedsignificance of the national-liberation movement. Our partystrictly abides by this Marxist-Leninist internationalist principlein all its activities.It might be asked: what is the explanation for the erroneouspropositions of the CPC leadership on the crucial issues ofour age? The Chinese comrades are either completely divorcedfrom reality and approach the problems of war, peace andrevolution in a dogmatic, bookish way, failing to understandthe concrete conditions of our era, or behind their clamourabout “world revolution” are other aims, aims that havenothing in common with revolution.All this shows that the policy the CPC leadership is seekingto impose on the world communist movement is an erroneousand fatal one. For what the Chinese comrades proposeunder the guise of a “general line” is but an enumeration ofthe most general tasks of the working class, an enumeration,moreover, that does not take into account the times we areliving in, the real inter-relationship of class forces, and thepeculiarities of the present stage of history. The Chinesecomrades fail to notice, or do not want to notice, how thetasks of our movement are changing in accordance with theconditions of the present era. By reducing the general lineto general tasks that apply to every stage of the transitionfrom capitalism to socialism, they deprive it of concreteness,purposefulness and efficacy.In working out their present policy, the fraternal partiesconcretely analyzed the line-up of class forces in individualcountries and on a world scale, the distinguishing features inthe development of the two mutually-opposed systems, andthe present stage in the development of the national-liberationmovement.573
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From Marx to MaoML© Digital Reprin
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C O N T E N T SA PROPOSAL CONCERNIN
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DISTORTION OF THE LENINIST VIEW OF
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ANTAGONISTIC CLASSES AND CLASS STRU
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The Central Committee of the Commun
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to accept the fact that the people
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If one avoids a concrete class anal
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without wars”, a new world of “
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Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, the Sovi
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ple astray. The events of the last
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They are in fact protecting the int
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eactionary tendencies to compromise
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Social democracy is a bourgeois ide
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military apparatus — the primary
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The proletarian party must be flexi
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The superiority of the socialist sy
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Leninist ever has held or ever will
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Such is the Leninist policy. Any po
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pursued the policy of peaceful coex
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to develop relations of friendship,
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Between capitalist and communist so
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struggles no longer exist? How can
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dictatorship of the proletariat and
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mutual support and mutual assistanc
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If it is accepted that there are no
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The series of distressing developme
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U.S. imperialism and its NATO partn
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There must be a revolutionary party
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1963, the speech of the head of the
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questions calling for attention and
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THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTOF THE DI
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not imperialism is to be opposed, a
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particular, the complete negation o
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Congress that Khrushchov, in his re
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It is impossible for the leadership
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the dictatorship of the proletariat
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other enemies of communism, with ex
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tween the Soviet Union and Other So
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the leadership of the CPSU. We expr
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thesis that the seizure of politica
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Completely disregarding the revolut
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maligned China as warlike, guilty o
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socialist countries alone. We made
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“There are differences between us
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that the leadership of the CPSU wou
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It is true that, both before and du
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such a formulation about the 20th C
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hours later, violating what the fra
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The Programme crudely revises the e
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and to replace the Declaration and
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This is indeed an astounding event,
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views in the talks, put forward its
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anti-revolutionary line, between th
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CPSU leaders went farther and farth
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of the people throughout the world
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is seizing state power, to overthro
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ealized by using the old state mach
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2. The Communist Party of China has
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4. If the relations between our two
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full consultations and unhurried di
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HE question of Stalin is one of wor
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But no one can deny the internation
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from reality and from the masses. I
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created by the October Revolution;
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the great CPSU and the great Soviet
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Stalin. The leaders of the CPSU hav
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The Yakyirs, Balyitskys, Lyubehenky
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Stalin died in 1953; three years la
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This consistent and correct approac
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. . . in place of the old leaders,
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In the period of the Second Interna
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IS YUGOSLAVIAA SOCIALIST COUNTRY?Th
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In Khrushchov’s opinion, Yugoslav
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Can a country be socialist when the
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ing that private individuals have t
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No, the facts are quite the reverse
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The concentration of land is actual
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do not affect the private ownership
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estoration of the landlords and cap
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Engels wrote in Anti-Dühring, “T
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The Tito clique itself admits that
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the strictest observance of a singl
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or 47.4 per cent of the federal bud
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Everybody knows that state monopoly
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In these circumstances, Yugoslavia
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They said of the Vietnamese people
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to the Congo to take a direct part
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economy owned by the whole people i
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minority of exploiters, into a stat
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True, Yugoslavia was once a sociali
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Let us look at the facts. Have the
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9. The Tito clique sabotages the na
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capitalism may be restored. Yugosla
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APOLOGISTSOF NEO-COLONIALISM?Fourth
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wards this extremely sharp issue of
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moreover supplies cheap raw materia
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urgently demand the thorough elimin
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systems. But peaceful coexistence a
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established national states. If a m
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means the annihilation of mankind.
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21 and September 10, the Soviet Gov
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3. “The national democratic revol
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ourgeoisie or the national bourgeoi
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THE PATH OF NATIONALISM ANDDEGENERA
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He added:That is the path of nation
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However, some self-styled Marxist-L
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French monopoly capitalists, crying
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the geographical and racial princip
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Fifty years have gone by; imperiali
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international agreements”. 1 On t
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TWO DIFFERENT LINESON THE QUESTION
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The revisionist line is a wrong lin
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The revisionists of the Second Inte
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6. They spread the absurd theory th
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the footsteps of Bernstein and Kaut
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war policy, Kennedy’s deceptive p
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3. The U.S. Joint Strategic Target
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But the fact that the U.S. reaction
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The political meaning Of this metap
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It is clear that national liberatio
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history it is the only lawful, righ
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eliminated altogether because they
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We have always maintained that the
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peace. But Khrushchov’s military
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He drew the following historical le
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We consistently maintain that those
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Actually Khrushchov’s wrong appro
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They also intimidate the allies of
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PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE— TWO DIAMETR
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Let us now examine Lenin and Stalin
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Lenin said:International imperialis
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policy of the Soviet state “will
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. . . the very thought of peacefull
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And he answered in the negative,
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aggression, non-interference in eac
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daily weaker and the contradictions
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more clearly the necessity of peace
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Lenin’s policy of peaceful coexis
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imperialists wage cold wars, which
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The second question is: Can peacefu
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of the proletariat, was a base for
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. . . it is one thing to practise p
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uted to peaceful coexistence or des
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very phrase ‘coexistence’ is bo
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the United States? Very well! But o
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equirement that the socialist count
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e no war. Then if any madman wanted
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lies with the governments of two su
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All too often have the leaders of t
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THE LEADERS OF THE CPSUARE THE GREA
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While presenting themselves as cham
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tional at its Hague Congress, in wh
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ourgeois legality instead of utiliz
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and fought them face to face at the
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this struggle of opposites that Mar
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the bourgeoisie, they want the prol
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well as the only correct way to saf
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Party elements in the Chinese Commu
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pursued by these organizations and
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It is already clear that the revisi
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As Lenin said, the bourgeoisie unde
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demand of the people in the countri
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Whether one defends or opposes the
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evolution, at a particular historic
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. . . to the extent that the intern
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nist movement in pursuing the Marxi
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time unites with all the others. He
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us some time ago. It is precisely b
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ecause they accepted the revisionis
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In the face of these betrayals of t
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The leaders of the CPSU denounce Co
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ists are taking place. The revision
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15 and October 31, their twenty-six
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September 21 we have been eagerly w
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debate in the international communi
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If the leaders of the CPSU genuinel
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guiding relations among fraternal P
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HE present article will discuss the
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the socialist transformation of soc
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preach a violent political overthro
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dictatorship of the proletariat has
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Basing himself on the Marxist-Lenin
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On this question, the Marxist-Lenin
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The comrades of the delegation of t
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are re-publishing the complete text
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Today, the leaders of the CPSU have
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armed the workers, strove to win ov
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a people’s democratic dictatorshi
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of the world and has opened up stil
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Today the United States of America
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nations not only have to cope with
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Events since World War II have demo
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Events since World War II have also
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ut also on the preparations and eff
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tionary struggles of the Asian, Afr
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deviation of legalism and the “Le
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Kautskyism and social democracy, an
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3. U.S. imperialism is the arch ene
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ceased to give active support to th
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He spread the view that a new war w
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talism with socialism, asserting th
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a political detachment of the bourg
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OUR HOPESOnly eight years have elap
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Let us wind up this article with th
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HE theories of the proletarian revo
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The socialist system is incomparabl
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. New elements of capitalism are co
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the socialist countries or to make
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The development of socialist societ
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of the proletariat over the bourgeo
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tryside. New bourgeois elements and
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dozens of suits”. He was also a b
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they “fleeced the collective farm
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speculators engaged in the re-sale
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position to the workers, the peasan
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Khrushchov has carried out a series
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odies, from leading Party and gover
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Tito clique “belong to one and th
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power is concentrated”. 1 The sta
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It is perfectly clear that accordin
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He concluded: “Complete consisten
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and the elimination of bourgeois de
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The formula of abolishing the dicta
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The basic principles concerning the
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Does it mean that formerly the memb
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At present, the revisionist Khrushc
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y the whole people. A communist soc
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Under this signboard, the Khrushcho
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times”. 1 He extols to the sky a
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How the imperialists are hoping for
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But now the revisionist Khrushchov
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The main contents of the theories a
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of their long revolutionary fight,
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ELEVENTH, the system of high salari
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are a sure guarantee that Communist
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the principle of “from the masses
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WHYKHRUSHCHEV FELLEditorial. Hongqi
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development as discovered by Marxis
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iating disgrace upon the great Sovi
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United States, incited and helped t
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the United States, could settle the
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to them to decide which direction t
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THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
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portunity for an exchange of opinio
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We have attentively studied your vi
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distribution of forces within the i
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Under present-day conditions it is
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will as before. This is a historic
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ditions of peaceful coexistence bet
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Party must take into account the ex
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the same time the choice pf the mea
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endeavour to strengthen its dominan
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just as in the socialist community,
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lead to a breaking away from life a
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mistakes and of helping to remedy t
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Page 535 and 536: As far as Yugoslavia is concerned,
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Page 543 and 544: the international proletariat and a
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Page 547 and 548: views and signed the Statement only
Page 549 and 550: ment, was started among the Chinese
Page 551 and 552: ascribe to the CPSU and other Marxi
Page 553 and 554: sequences. The nuclear and rocket w
Page 555 and 556: ly as possible, but how and with wh
Page 557 and 558: all, the monopolists, the imperiali
Page 559 and 560: The Soviet Union’s persevering st
Page 561 and 562: much grief and suffering war brings
Page 563 and 564: juncture assumed the role of critic
Page 565 and 566: last century, Frederick Engels poin
Page 567 and 568: For this reason, to separate the fi
Page 569 and 570: The Chinese leaders, too, approved.
Page 571 and 572: Soviet people began to live better
Page 573 and 574: class struggle in the U.S.S.R.., an
Page 575 and 576: letter does not even mention the de
Page 577 and 578: Everyone who ponders on the meaning
Page 579 and 580: There can be no doubt about the ans
Page 581 and 582: economic and social interests of th
Page 583: How do the Chinese comrades solve t
Page 587 and 588: — the socialist revolution is per
Page 589 and 590: In an effort to justify its actions
Page 591 and 592: Comrades from the CPC are making pa
Page 593 and 594: munist movement, they ignore the st
Page 595 and 596: Were we to follow the example of th
Page 597 and 598: mon struggle for peace, democracy,
Page 599 and 600: 3—E—578S3—E—578P00270 ( t )
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