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220 THE MIDDLE AGES.
far and wide at that period came the sick, as the Bishop of
Hereford from England and King JOHN of Bohemia, to seek
help from the doctors there who were especially valued for
their practical skill.* But a competition dangerous to
their interests gradually waxed greater, as the universities,
founded at that time in Italy, France and Germany arrived
at a state of maturity. « j
THE MOST ANCIENT ACADEMIES OF ITALY.
THE Emperor FREDERICK II. created the academy at
Naples f in the year 1224, in which all the sciences were to .•:
be taught, iji order that young men, thirsting for knowledge, f
should not, be compelled " like beggars to seek intellectual
fpod away from their own country." % At first, as it appears,
all the faculties were represented here ; but as early as 1231
the medical disappeaied, since, by an imperial decree,
medicine from that time forth might be taught only in
Salerno. In 1252 the other faculties were also transferredJf
to Salerno and united with the medical school there into a
university. f
Still, the* high school at Naples was restored in 125&VJ
Situated, as it was, in the chief town of the country, |
more easily accessible from the north and east and j
endowed with greater privileges and more money than its 4
elder sister at Salerno this institution afterwards surpassed!
the latter in the number of its students as well as by its
importance and its achievements.
The story of the birth of the high school of Bologna like
that of the schools at Salerno and Montpellier is lost in the
* ARNALD VON VILLANOVA: Breviar. iv, 10.—GUY VON CHAULIAC: Chir., '
tr. vi, d. 2, c 2.
f MUBATORI : Rer. It. script, viii, p. 496.
X HUILLARD-BREHOLLES op. cit. T. ii, p. 450. Disponimus apud Napolim^
doceri arles cujiiscunque professionis et vigere sludia, ut jejuni et famelici doctrinarum
in ipso regno inveniant unde ipsorum aviditati satisfacial, neque compellantnr
ad invest igandas scie/iti'is peregrinas nationes expetere nee in alienis regionibu
mendicare. • ,