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FINAL CONSIDERATIONS. 633
medical faculties like those of Paris, Vienna, or Berlin
must not be measured by the same rule that suffices for
small medical schools. In the latter many an arrangement
must be neglected and many a professorial chair left un­
occupied which in the former are necessary, nay, indis­
pensable. The Frankfort Congress and the Reform
Society of Jena refused to acknowledge the division of
professors into ordinary and extraordinary, and declared that
there should, in reason, be only two classes of academical
teachers, namely, the professors and the private teachers :
the former being commissioned to teach by the school and
being paid for it, the latter doing so of their own free will
and receiving no indemnification for their services. This by
no means prevents certain private teachers being granted
the title of professor in recognition of their labours :,but
they should be promoted to the name only, not to the pro­
fessorial rank and rights.
The professors form the College of Teachers, having
direction and charge of the affairs of the faculty or school.
Each member of this college has equal rights in debating
and voting, whether he is the representative of a so-called
chief department or of some narrowly circumscribed
speciality: for in general educational matters every one of
them is competent to form an opinion, and in questions
which concern a particular department all due weight will
be given to the judgment of an expert. The fear that in
consequence of the great number of the members of the
College of Teachers " the interest in the welfare of the
faculty as a whole will be blunted," is entirely unfounded.
The transactions of Parliaments, in which hundreds of
representatives of the people'from all parts of the country
co-operate, show that such joint work is possible " without
loosening the bonds of a common interest." There is far
greater danger that with a numerically small College of
Teachers the deliberations will assume a quasi-domestic
character and be biassed by personal considerations to
such an extent as to be injurious to the general weal.