0"T' LAERT> "! - USP

TEACHING IN SURGERY. 423
admonitions given them throw a strong light upon the
social aspect of their condition. Thus: " he is not to brag
about his cures over the tavern tables, or approach a patient
as a pig would a beggar's bag, or treat him in a tyrannical
or wrathful manner. He is not to demand twelve thalers
when he only deserves two. He must not use the knife
without due consideration; for it is a question of human
flesh, not mere slaughtered beef or pork : a man sets a high
value on his skin. When danger threatens he is to call
in doctors and brother-surgeons to consult withal."* M.
G. PURMANN even complained that surgeons, in order to
win patients from one another "perpetrated tricks and
treacherous artifices with the instruments."! The sur­
geons of Germany attained a higher position when schools
began to be founded for their education. These were first
intended to train up a body of medical officers for the
military service ; but the want of practitioners soon led to
pupils being taken from the civilian classes. In 1716 an
institution of this kind was founded in Hanover. Berlin in
1713 acquired a theatrum anato?nicum, forming the first
completed portion of an establishment intended for the in­
struction of military doctors and " medico-surgeons," which
was opened in 1724 and became associated with the Charite
Hospital, the founding of which followed a few years later.
Six professors and a demonstrator of surgical operations
constituted the teaching staff; the instruction given em­
braced not only anatomy and surgery, but also pathology,
.materia medica, botany, chemistry, and even mathematics.
" Following the example of Paris, London, and Amsterdam,
1 Medici and Chirurgi were, in the Charite, to be given
ample opportunity of seeing and practising methods of
treatment for both internal and external diseases."! A
military medical school was founded in Dresden in 1748.
* G. FISCHER op. cit. S. 33 et seq.
t G. PURMANN: Lorbeerkrantz oder Wundartzney, Frankfurt u. Leipzig 1722.
X A. GUTTSTADT : Die naturwissenschaftlichen und medicinischen Staats-
anstalten Berlins, Berlin 1886, S. 344.