0"T' LAERT> "! - USP

4I2 £** ,,„ RECENT TJMES.
ease in such a way that the students received the impression
that they had themselves made the diagnosis and not learnt
it from him." Under his direction the Leyden clinic
acquired such a reputation that students and doctors came
thither, as SCHACHT says, from Hungary, Russia, Poland,
Germany, Denmark and Sweden, from Switzerland, Italy,
France and England, in fact from every country in Europe.
The clinic of Leyden maintained for a long time the first
rank among institutions of the kind. BOERHAAVE, who
occupied the chief position there till 1738, was known all
over the world and numbered among his pupils HALLER,
G. VAN SWIETEN, A. DE HAEN, PRINGLE, H. D. GAUB,
RIBEIRO SANCHEZ and others, who filled the 18th century •
with their fame. Clinical instruction was given also in
other universities of Holland the infirmaries of which
country were highly praised* by eye-witnesses. At
Utrecht, W VAN DER STRATEN held a clinic : his method
of leading students on to a knowledge of diseases excited
the highest approbation in the mind of KYPER.f An
establishment for clinical teaching was founded in 1715 at
the Hospital of S. Spirito in Rome at the suggestion of
LANCISI. The university at Edinburgh got a hospital (the
Edinburgh Royal Infirmary) in 1738: this since 1746 has
been used for clinical instruction.^
The policlinical instruction in Paris—a system which
had there been practised for centuries—was, in 1644,
incorporated with the curriculum of the medical faculty.
It appears that this measure was adopted at the instance
of THEOPHRASTE RENAUDOT. This clever and enterprising
man, who founded the first loan-office and the
first bureau d'addresse in Paris and who also edited
the first French newspaper—the " Gazette de France,"—
organized in conjunction with some medical colleagues
an institution of the nature of an ambulance for relieving
poor patients gratis. This brought him many rm$£
* Cf. THOLOCK op. cit. i, 2, S. 205. t KYPER op. cit.-p. 2|*J.
X A. GRANT op. cit.