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,268 THE MIDDLE AGES.
DORICO BORGOGNONI, BRUNUS LONGOBURGENSIS, GULIEL-
MUS DE SALICETO, LANFRANCHI, HENRI DE MONDEVILLE, 1
GUIDO DE CAULIACO, PETER of Argelata, MARCELLO j
CUMANO, L. BERTAPAGLIA and others belong to the most ]
distinguished which the surgical literature of that time or •
the history of medicine in general can show.
The surgeons of Paris as early as about the middle of ,
the 13th century formed a society, organized after the
pattern of the medical faculty. It was named St. C6me
after ST. COSMAS who was chosen for its patron saint.|
The members of this society held meetings regularly atwhich
they discussed business connected with the pro- j
fession and the teaching of it, and imparted to their pupils \
instruction in their art. The teaching was apparently for"
the most part of a practical nature, the pupils accompanying
their instructors in their visits to the sick, and there^
learning the technical details of surgery. LANFRANCHI,-j
who taught at the college of St. Come, performed opera-.|
tions in the presence of his pupils and received their.|
assistance in them. The pupils also assisted in the public ,
and gratuitous relief of the sick which the members of J
the college presided over, and visited the hospitals where
their teachers held appointments. Certain of the pupils
probably executed there the duties now performed by our 1
sick-attendants and male-nurses. Besides this, they werefj
admitted to anatomical demonstrations, if an opportunity : j{
for such occurred. The students had, at the conclusion of :
their studies, to undergo an examination, and as early as the j
year 1254 the surgeons requested that examiners should be |
appointed for this purpose. k
An edict of PHILIP LE BEL of the year 1311 ordained j
that nobody should engage in the practice of surgery whb|
was not considered competent by the masters, and had?
received a license permitting him to practise from thej
king's body-surgeon.* Afterwards the students of surgery
were obliged to take the degree of Magister Artium atthe^
* BUCHEZ: De la faculte de meM. de Paris, op. cit. 1822.