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624 MODERN TIMES.
opportunities for this. Pathological anatomy demonstrates
on the dead body the changes which have taken place as
the result of particular diseases, and experimental pathology
teaches us the original diseases and their mutual relations.
Unfortunately it has come to bethought in many universities
that theoretical lectures on . internal diseases, on
surgery, ophthalmology, midwifery and other parts of practical
medicine are unnecessary. It is quite* true that highly
elaborated discourses going much into detail may be confusing
and wearisome^ to beginners; for such, all that is
wanted is a short, concise review of the most important
facts ; this however is indispensable before the commencement
of clinical teaching although it is in the latter course*
of instruction that the more profound knowledge o'f any
particular subject must be gained. . # . ,
Lectures on materia medica, pharmaco-dynamics, general
therapeutics, dietetics and b*alneology should also precede
the clinical teaching. It is a very suitable arrangement for
students to learn to make up prescriptions with their own
hands in an apothecary's shop or a pharmaceutical laboratory,
as is done at Munich in the Reisingerianum.
The course on diagnosis and the preparatory clinic make
the students acquainted with the methods in use in the in- *
vestigation of disease and show on simple uncomplicated*
cases how maladies may be recognized and treated. The
preparatory clinic fills a gap in the curriculum but is only
indispensably necessary in the great medical schools, and .
indeed only admits of being arranged in places where there
is a great mass of clinical material to be deal£ with and the,number
of students makes it desirable to separate* the",
patients into numerous divisions.
The surgical clinic pre-supposes more particularly a
knowledge of surgical instruments and skill in applying '
bandages ; a student attending this must have been taught
and have himself performed operations on the dead body.
In the clinic for diseases of the eye acquaintance with
the use of the ophthalmoscope is requisite; it is also
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