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FINAL CONSIDERATIONS. 625
necessary for the student to have taken part in a course
of operations on the eye.
•Knowledge of midwifery is gained in the obstetric clinic
and by means of operations performed on the model.
Attendance on the special clinics for mental diseases and
diseases of the nervous system, for diseases of the skin and
of the sexual organs, for laryngeal and aural affections, for
diseases of childhood, etc., must be reserved for the last
semesters of studentship.
The students of the clinics are divided into beginners
whose functions are purely receptive, and into assistants
who are more advanced . students and co-operate in the
examination and treatment of the sick. The latter class
get opportunities for prolonged observation of cases of
disease and thus get accustomed to performing the minor
duties required in the care of the sick.
Policlinical work succeeds to clinical instruction and
forms as it were the bridge which leads to medical practice.
In giving over a portion of the practice amongst the poor
to the policlinical institutions an opportunity is afforded to
the assistant of becoming familiar with the claims which
are made upon a doctor attending a case and of gaining
that certainty of judgment which is necessary tor his
independent practice.
Lectures dealing with forensic medicine, hygiene, sanitary
control, medical legislation, medical statistics, veterinary
science and comparative medicine, medical geography and
the history of medicine belong also to the close of the
student's career.
The two last subjects are at present only taught at a fewuniversities.
While lawyers, theologians, philologists
architects, artists, officers, in short all the higher profes
sional classes, apply themselves diligently to the study of
the history of their science or art,* most doctors think that
• The veterinary surgeons in Germany have since . 88 , been obliged to show
a knowledge of the history of their science, but no similar historical educa
SLrt their dis,inguished coiea - s - ° — s r ^ s
s s