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PHARMACY AND MEDICAL PRACTICE. 251
described; numerous notes upon diseases and operations
on particular parts of the body, which are scattered about
among the descriptions, indicate the purpose the book
was intended to serve. At the same time it gained
an extraordinary reputation, and formed for more than
three hundred years the favourite text-book of anatomy.
Neither did anatomical knowledge receive any noteworthy
advancement from GuiDO DE CAULIACO, MATTH^US DE
GRADIBUS, PETRUS DE ARGELATA, and their successors.
The rough woodcuts which the Leipzig professor MAGNUS
HUNDT added* to his work on anatomy cast a lurid light
on the condition of anatomy in the 15th century. The
anatomical drawings in the work of JOHANNES DE KETHAM'
occupy a higher position, proceeding as they do in part
from the hands of skilful artists like B. MONTAGNA.
TEACHING IN PHARMACY AND IN MEDICAL
PRACTICE.
OPPORTUNITY was afforded for the study of medicinal
plants in the gardens adjoining many of the monasteries.
Many doctors moreover laid out gardens of this kind, as
MATTH^US SYLVATICUS at Salerno, and the Magister
WALTER in Venice, to whom the Senate assignedf a site
for the purpose. But the universities at this period did not
yet possess this valuable aid to teaching, and the knowledge
of medicinal plants was chiefly communicated by
theoretical teaching and by books which were sometimes
embellished with botanical drawings. The students learned
how to recognize drugs and how to prepare remedies in
the dispensaries, which arose in all the larger towns from
the 13th century onwards. STAINPEIS recommended
students and young practitioners frequently to visit dispensaries
with this object. FELIX PLATTERJ narrates
* CHOCLANT op. cit. S. 24. t MEYER op. tit. iv, 255.
X PLATTER op. cit. S. 151.