0"T' LAERT> "! - USP

PHARMACY AND MEDICAL PRACTICE. 255
In Montpellier, where a hospital existed as early as the
year 1198, it was usual for the students of medicine, after
obtaining the bachelor's degree, to practise medicine under
the guidance of an experienced physician. ASTRUC* brings
forward several instances in the biographies of the earlier
teachers of medicine at the school of Montpellier, where this
system was observed and by no means looks upon them: as
exceptions but as the general rule. The medical faculty of
Paris in 1449 required of the bachelors that they should
diligently visit the hospitals or accompany a skilful practitioner
in his visits to patients and refused to grant them
the license when this rule was not observed.f
In the oldest statutes of the medical faculty of Vienna
dating from the 14th century the rule is laid down that
bachelors of medicine must practise the healing art within
the walls of Vienna only with the knowledge and under the
guidance of their teacher or of some other doctor of the
fatuity of Vienna.J STEINPEIS gave the students excellent
t^ice as to how they should act on these occasions.§
o>ve all things, he says, it is important to find out the
cause,of the disease ; then the ailing part of the body may
be carefully inspected and finally the rest of the body submitted
to a careful examination.
At the university of Ingolstadt the bachelors of medicine,
according to the statutes of 1472, were obliged to take an
oath before the Dean that within the city and for six miles
round they would visit the sick and practise only if sent as
* ASTRUC op. cit. p. 236 (apres son baccalaureat it alia en Provence pour y
exercer la medecine, suivant Vusage de ce temps-la), p. 243 (apres quoi it alia
passer le temps, qu'il eloit alors destine pour s'exercer a. la pratique apres le
baccalauriat), etc.— Cf. PLATTER op. cit. S. 154.—In the statutes of 1240 is
fjp^id : Item nullus magisler presenlet aliquem (for the License) nisi We
itekarit in practica extra villam Montispessulani per dimidium annum (in
G^R^'AIN op. cit. iii, 424).
:. t HAZON: Eloge historique de la faculte' de medecine de Paris, 1770, p. 20
(qu'ils suivissent les hopitaux ou la pratique de quelque maitre pendant le cours
de la licence, faule de quoi its n'etoient point admis a ce degre).
\ J. ZEISL: Chronol. dipl. universit. Vindob. Vienn. 1755, Statut. p. 80.
§ STAINPEI-S op. tit. f. 102b et seq.