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THE UNIVERSITIES IN THE 16TH CENTURY. 317
income reached 5,176 florins, the expenditure 4,853 florins ;
in the latter were included the stipends of three professors
of theology, six of law, two of medicine, and ten of the
liberal arts, the amounts varying from 4ofl. to 20ofl., in all
2,394ft*
The requirements of a small university of that period
were not great, as is seen by the example of Greifswald
where the whole extent of the university was included in a
single house. It consisted of three lecture-rooms, the
senate-chamber, a stall for the trade in academical books,
the library, the chamber for the records, dwelling rooms for
two professors, several apartments where students lived,
and the prison in the basement.f The Catholic academies
were in a more favourable position in this respect. Pope
JULIUS III., in the year 1553 promulgated a bull by which
it was made legal to grant spiritual benefices to secular
professors,—a practice, indeed, which had long been sanctioned
by usage and passed over in silence. The celibacy
of university teachers became, in consequence of this,
objectless, and gradually ceased to be observed even in
Catholic countries. In Protestant academies it was naturally
done away with; yet custom had such a powerful effect
that in Tubingen, for example, the usage was still adhered
to, and celibacy was demanded even of the professor of
medicine, long after the university had become Protestant.
The salaries of the professors differed in different
countries and in the various faculties ; those of the professors
of medicine, as a rule, were on a lower scale than
in the case of the theologians and jurists. In Paris each
professor of medicine received in 1505 twelve livres a
year.| In Konigsberg, in the year 1544, salaries of 200 and
of 150 florins were given to the two teachers of medicine.§
* F. PAULSEN in SYBEL'S histor. Zeitschr. 1881, Bd. 45, S. 278 et seq.
t F. PAULSEN op. cit. S. 304, 407.
X HAZON op. cit.
§ D. H. ARNOLDT: Historie der Konigsbergischen Universitat, Konigsberg
1746.