0"T' LAERT> "! - USP

THE OTHER UNIVERSITIES OF EUROPE. 233
that in the year 1348 there were in Paris 32 magistri of
theology, 18 of canon law, 46 of .medicine, and 514 of artes
liberates* The number of doctors belonging to the medical
faculty of Paris, reached 29 in the year 1311, 31 in 1395,
and 36 on an average from 1391 to 1431. When the
English besieged Paris in 1442 there were only 10 or 12
qualified doctors in the city; but around these a number
of students were gathered who practised under their
supervision. At a later period also the medical faculty
did not .increase in the same proportions as the city
of Paris; for in 1500 the former consisted of 72 doctors^
in 1566 of 81, in 1626 of 85, in 1634 of 101, in 1675 of
105, and in 1768 of 148.f With these there were in
Paris a great number of practitioners who had the right,
it is true, to practise, but had not obtained the title
of doctor, and consequently could not be members of
the medical faculty ; so, too, there were numbers of sur*
geons who had passed examinations, and other medical
men recognized by the law. The organization and arrangements
of the university of Paris formed the pattern for
the majority of the academies which were founded in the
following centuries in Germany, England, and other
countries.
THE OTHER UNIVERSITIES OF EUROPE EXISTING
IN THE MIDDLE AGES.
THE most ancient universities of Spain arose probab
the influence of Arab traditions. At Palencia, even in the
time of the Goths, there were celebrated schools: in the
beginning of the 13th century ALPHONSO VIII. erected a
university there in which however there was no medical
* DENIFLE op. cit. i, ,S. 123, from, whom I borrow these figures, considers
all these magistri to be regentes; but this assumption is contradicted by all
other circumstances.
t A. SPRINGER: Paris im 13. Jahrhundert, Leipzig 1856.—J. C. SABATIER:
Recherches historiques sur la faculte'de medecine de Paris, 1835. • r ,