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236 THE MIDDLE AGES.
academy in Cracow to which two professorial chairs of
medicine were allotted. But these plans were not realized
until 1400.
A papal document of foundation was drawn out for
Culm also in 1387, but the university appears never to have
come into existence. The university of Heidelberg arose
in 1386. It had at first only four professors for all the
faculties. The first teacher of medicine was appointed in
1390. He remained for long the only representative of this
science.* At Koln on the Rhine an academy was founded
in 1388, w T hich made a splendid start. It existed until 1798
and was only abolished under the French rule at the same
time as the universities of Treves and Mainz. The
academy of Erfurt which as early as 1379 received the
privileges of a studium generate and, in any case, existed
as such from 1392 obtained a great reputation in the 15th
century, especially for its attention to legal science. It
existed till 1816. The two Hungarian academies of Fiinfkirchen
and Ofen, which were founded in the 14th century,
had but a short duration of life ; the latter was restored at
the end of the 15th century. The university of Wurzburg
only existed ten years after its foundation in 1403. Its
history, which has an extraordinary importance in reference
to medical science, really begins only in 1582 after it had
been again opened at the conclusion of a long period of inactivity.
In the 15th century the following universities also
were founded at the dates given :f Leipzig (1409), Rostock
{1419), Louvain (1426), Greifswald (1456), Freiburg-im-
Brisgau (1457), Basel (1460), Treves and Ingolstadt (1472),.
Tubingen and Mainz (1477), Upsala (1477) and Copenhagen
(1479). Medical studies played a modest part at
these academies. There were seldom more than one or.
two teachers to instruct students in medical science and the
number of the pupils was generally not much greater;
* J. F. HAUTZ: Geschichte der Universitat Heidelberg, Mannheim 1862,
2 vols.
t Cf. PAULSEN in SYBEL'S histor. Zeitschr. 1881, Bd. 45, S. 266 el seq.