0"T' LAERT> "! - USP

RECENT TIMES.
tive of pathological anatomy were in process of formation. ,|
Even in the 17th century G. RlVA preserved at Rome a
number of specimens which had come into his possession *
while doctor at the hospital. And afterwards this was
more generally done. S6MMERING possessed a rich
pathological collection, which at the suggestion of BRAM-
BILLA was secured for the Josefinum (Academy of Medicine)
at Vienna at the price of 400 ducats*
Botanical gardens in which medicinal plants were
cultivated and the apothecaries' shops gave opportunities. 5
for instruction in materia medica. The " Jardin des.
Plantes" in Paris was laid out in 1626 at the instigation of
the Royal physician-in-ordinary LABROSSE. A decree of
King Louis XIII. set forth at the same time " that in view
of the fact that pharmaceutical operations are not taught;!
at the medical schools, three doctors be chosen from |
the Faculty of Paris in order to demonstrate to the students Jj
the intimate character of plants and of all drugs, and
to show the mode of preparation of every kind of medicine
according to the simple chemical method, and speci- ;
mens of all the different medicines and of the rarer
natural objects of all kinds be exhibited in a room."f
A yearly sum of 21,000 livres was devoted to the maintenance
of this institution. Investigators of nature, like
TOURNEFORT, the two JUSSIEUS, DUFAY, DAUBENTON, '"'
and above all BUFFON, who worked there, made the
botanical garden of Paris famous throughout Europe. In
the course of the 17th and 18th centuries most universities
were provided with botanical gardens. That at Chelsea, "
presented, in 1686, by Sir HANS SLOANE to the Society of
Apothecaries of London, was especially remarkable for
its rich collection of officinal plants. Botanical gardens^
arose also in the first half of the 17th century at Amsterdam, i
Utrecht, Copenhagen, and Upsala; and at Oxford in 1632,
* RUD. WAGNER : Soemmerings Leben, Leipzig 1844, ii, 89.
t ESQUIROS und WUIL: Die wissenschaftlichen Institute zu Paris, Stuttgart,:
1850, i, S. 28.