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MEDICAL TEACHING. 333
clinical instruction at the request of the German students ;
moreover the corpses of the patients who died in the
hospital were opened, if the time of year was suitable, in
order that the students should have pointed out to them
the sites and causes of disease (sed cum in fine Octobris
coeli constitutio frigidior esset, professores cad aver a
aperiunt et loca ajfecta auditoribus demonstrant). Unfortunately,
the necropsies were forbidden after a short
time, since improprieties had occurred and parts of bodies
had been secretly conveyed away from the institution.*
With the deaths of BOTTONI and ODDO the zeal of teachers
and pupils relaxed and instruction was at last chiefly confined
to investigation of the pulse and urine. The attempts
to place teaching in medicine upon a practical basis had,
however, to yield, in the curricula of the medical faculties,
to the theoretical lectures which claimed the place of
chief importance. According to the statutes of the medical
faculty of Wiirzburg of the year 1587, there were there
three professorial chairs of medicine. The incumbent of the
first, the Professor of the Theory of Medicine, had to read
publicly in the first year the primam primi libri Avicennae
et libros Galeni de morborum differentiis, causis et symptomatibus
; in the second year, the Galeni artem medicinalem
cum Hippocratis prognosticis; in the third year, to
lecture de pulsibus et urinis according to ACTUARIUS,
de victus ratione in morbis acutis after HIPPOKRATES,
Galeni de alimentorum facultatibus and to read Avicennae
tertiam primi; the Professor of the Practice of Medicine had
in the first year to comment upon general therapeutics, and
to discuss blood-letting and purging and the nature of fever
according to AVICENNA; in the second and third years the
subjects of his lectures were special pathology and thera-
* A. COMPARETTI : Saggio della scuola clinica nello spedale di Padova 1793,
p. 6 et seq.—C. NEUBERT in d. Beitragen zur prakt. Heilkunde, her. v. Clarus u.
Radius, Leipzig 1836, ii, 148 et seq.—On the other hand, P. A. O. MAHON
(Histoire de la medecine clinique, Paris 18C4) brings forward nothing upon
clinical teaching.