0"T' LAERT> "! - USP

59 2 MODERN TIMES.
supervision of the students is given to military medical
officers who are distinguished for talents and ability; they
accompany their pupils to the lectures, go over the subjects
with them again, and thus get an opportunity of making
their own acquirements sounder and more extensive. To
this arrangement the science of our day owes many distinguished
investigators and university teachers.
The youngest of the Prussian universities is that of Bonn,
which -was founded in 1818. It was a want much felt by the
western provinces, widely separated as they are from the
eastern ; the former possessed no academy, with the exception
of the theologico-philosophical school of Minister. The
political events of 1866 brought about an increase in the
number of Prussian universities by the addition of those of
Gottingen, Kiel, and Marburg, which, with Hanover, Sehleswig-Holstein,
and the former electorate of Hessen, came
under the Prussian administration.
When, after-the famous victories of i870,Elshss (Alsace)
was reunited to Germany, the University of Strassburg was
reorganized after the pattern of German uniyersities, and
included in their number. Equipped with abundant material •
for teaching and a distinguished staff of teachers, it has
soon acquired for itself a prominent place among the high
schools of Germany.
With the institution of the North German Confederation,
which was, by the adhesion of the South German States in
1871, expanded into the German Empire, there followed a
uniform organization in medical studies and examinations.
By paragraph 29 of the law regulating trades and professions
of June 21 st, 1869, it was decreed that only the
supreme authorities of those Confederate States which
possessed one or more universities should be entitled to
grant licenses to practise medicine, and then only to persons
who had passed the State-examination.*
This can be passed at any of the universities belonging
* H. EULENBERG : Das Medicinalwesen in Preussen, Berlin 1874,8. 306
et seq.