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562
MODERN TIMES.
special pathology and therapeutics of internal diseases,
veterinary science, forensic and state medicine. During
the last mentioned period attendance at the clinics was
required.
Those who were training for country doctors (Landarzte)
were obliged during the first year to attend the introductory
course on medico-chirurgical study, lectures upon
theoretical surgery, anatomy, physiology, general pathology
and therapeutics, materia medica et chirurgica, dietetics,
the art of prescribing, and bandaging; during the second
year they had to attend courses of operative surgery,
forensic medicine, midwifery and veterinary science, and
to visit the medical and surgical clinics. Their period of
studentship was afterwards prolonged by one year. The ^
students were left at liberty to judge for themselves
whether they should attend the obstetric clinic or not, and
the same was permitted in regard to their attendance upon
lectures on several other subjects. On every subject of
primary importance it was required that on five days in
every week a lecture of one hour's duration should be
o-iven ; twice that time was devoted to instruction given in
the medical and surgical clinics.
Care was also taken that what was taught should be
rendered more easily comprehensible by demonstrations •
and practical work. The students made botanical excur- "i
sions under the guidance of their teachers, worked in the
chemical laboratory, practised dissection of the human ;
body, attended post mortem examinations and performed;;
operations on the dead body. Dissecting rooms were
erected where they were wanted : but the students had to
bear the expense involved in procuring the necessary sub­
jects for dissection.
Whoever was a candidate for the degree of Doctor of
Medicine was obliged, first of all, to submit the history of
two cases which he had himself treated in the clinic, then
to undergo an examination on the subjects laid down in
the curriculum, and finally to compose a dissertation and.