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TEACHING IN SURGERY. 425
operations, and represented midwifery and forensic medicine
; a fourth held lectures on internal medicine and conducted
the clinic for internal diseases; while the duty of
the remaining professor was to lecture on botany, chemistry,
and materia medica, and to superintend the botanical!
garden. A prosector was also appointed; he had to get
ready the anatomical preparations required for teaching and
to perform the autopsies on patients who died in the
military hospital.*
In teaching, the words of the Emperor were to serve as
the guiding motto: ' My design is that not merely the outside
of the various sciences dealt with should be taught to
the surgeons who are to be trained here, and that they
should be sent forth hence with nothing but a knowledge
of technical terms and with an over-hurried and
shallow training. I desire rather that they should get a
firm hold of their subjects and, thus provided, return to the
regiments."t An academy, organized after the pattern of
the Academie de Chirurgie at Paris, was in connection with
this establishment; it offered prizes for the solution of
•questions of surgical interest and published the compositions
sent in.J It received, moreover, the rights and dignity
•of a university and could grant the degrees of Magister and
Doctor in Surgery. In this way educated surgeons were
placed in the same social position as representatives of
internal medicine.
Reasonable, unprejudiced doctors welcomed these arrangements
with enthusiasm as being the first step towards
the wished-for reunion of these two important branches of
the healing art.
Professor AUGUST RICHTER of Gottingen gave expression
in the following words to the expectations formed generally
* G. PIZZIGHELLI : Accademia medico-chirurgica Giuseppina, Vienna 1837.
t Allerh. Entschliess. v. 3. April, 1781, im Archiv des k. k. Kriegsminis-
teriums.
X J. A. v. BRAMBILLA: Verfassung und Statuten der Jos. med.-chir. Akademie,
Wien, 1786.—TH. PUSCHMANN op. cit., S. 96 et seq.