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594
MODERN TIMES.
answer questions on fractures and dislocations, to apply a
bandage and to examine and treat a case of ophthalmic
disease : the third part was concerned with medicine in a
similar way and involved the treatment of two cases of
disease; the candidate had also to answer numerous questions
on materia medica, toxicology, and the art of prescribing
: the fourth part dealt with midwifery and
gynaecology and involved attendance on a case of labour,
the treatment of a woman during the puerperal period, and
the performance of an obstetric operation on the model :
the fifth part consisted of the final viva voce examination
which embraced general and special pathology, surgery,
materia medica and State-medicine or hygiene. The
subjects upon which the candidates were required to
furnish answers were to some extent decided by lot.
Whoever passed the State-examination satisfactorily was
entitled to call himself medical practitioner (Arzt) but not
to assume the title of Doctor of Medicine. If anyone
desires the latter distinction he lias to get it from some
medical faculty. The conditions under which this is
granted differ in different places. The demands on a
candidate's knowledge are represented as a general rule by
an oral examination on the most important branches of
medical science, by the composition of an essay in German,
instead of Latin as was formerly the case, and by the argu­
mentative defence of certain theses.
The regulations of June 2nd, 1883, introduced numerous
important alterations into this system of examination. In
the first place it was decreed that mineralogy should be
omitted from the list of subjects for the tentamen physicum,
since all governments and faculties were agreed "that
mineralogy of all branches of natural science is of least
use to the future doctor, and the little it is necessary he
should know about it is taught him in the lectures on
chemistry and materia medica." The examination in
zoology and botany was 'also curtailed, and it was ordered
that only one question should be put upon these two