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THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE.
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his philanthropic actions. A narrow fanaticism saw in his
attempts to restore the loss of nose or lips a presumptuous
interference with the rights of the Creator. After his
death, the pious sisters of the monastery, in which his
earthly remains had been laid, heard during several weeks
a voice crying " TAGLIACOZZI is damned ! " At the instance
of the clergy of Bologna his corpse was taken from the
grave and reinterred in unconsecrated ground.* Silliness in
matters of faith such as that manifested in the 16th century
finds an excuse in the low state of civilization of the period.
We of the 19th century however are not at liberty to treat
such displays with laughter and contempt; for when, about
40 years ago, the employment of ether was suggested in
difficult labours to produce anaesthesia the English zealots
rose angrily to oppose it, appealing to the words of the
Bible in reference to woman, "In sorrow shalt thou bring
forth children ! "
Besides TAGLIACOZZI, other surgeons like GRIFFON of
Lausanne and CORTESI of Bologna made themselves known
by their successful rhinoplastic operations. The loss of
the nose was not only the result of disease, generally
syphilis, but sometimes was consequent upon an order of the
magistrates. This punishment was by an edict of the
Eniperor FREDERICK III. imposed upon adulteresses and
mothers who prostituted their daughters. The Municipal
law of Augsburg of the year 1276 decreed that " vagrant
girls or ' Hiibschlerinnen,' " as they were called, should
have their noses cut off if they roamed about the streets
during Lent or on Saturday night, except when distinguished
foreigners were present in the town.f
Ophthalmic surgery did not take any remarkable share
in the progress made by other branches of surgery at this
period. It lay almost entirely in the hands of itinerant
* A. CORRADI : Dell' anticaautoplasticaitaliana, Sep.-Abdr. 1874.
t HUILLARD-BREHOLLES : Hist. dipl. Fried. II, op. cit. iv, p. 168, 170, lib.
iii, tit. 74, 80.—LAMMERT : Zur Geschichte des biirgerlichen Lebens op. cit.
S. 76.
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