0"T' LAERT> "! - USP

280 THE MIDDLE; AGES.
In Prague in the 12th century nearly all medical practicewas
in the hands of Jewish doctors; and the same
appears to have been the case at Avignon * In Frankforton-the-Main
ADAM LONICERUS was the only Christiandoctor
; all his colleagues at that place belonging to the
faith of Israel.f This is partly explained by the fact that'
most of the other learned careers were closed to the Jews.
It is true, that at several Church Councils it was decreed
that Christians should not seek advice from Jewish doctors ;
the priests however did not regard themselves as included
in this prohibition, which, for the rest, had but little effect,'if
there was an absence or scarcity of doctors belonging to*
the Christian faith at any particular place. When the waves
of religious passion rose higher and the persecutions of the
Jews began, the results became remarkable even in this
walk of life. In the statutes of the medical faculty at
Ingolstadt of the year 1472 the Christian doctors were forbidden
to hold consultations with their Jewish colleagues^
and in the regulations for midwives issued at Regensburg cj
in 1451 it was set forth that" they might go to any woman
in need of their assistance " except to a Jewess to-whom .
they must not go." § ^
The clergy were more and more deterred from medical* |
practice both by the laws of the Church and by the increasing
professional competition which confronted them'
after the foundation of the universities. At the Councils
of Rheims (1131), Montpellier (1162), Tours (1163), Paris
(1212), at those of the Lateran (1139 and 1215) and also'by
the decretals of the Popes ALEXANDER III. (1180) and
HONORIUS III. (1219) medical practice and especially
surgery were forbidden to priests. This prohibition was
probably not obeyed, as it had so often to be repeated, or
* J. v. HASNER in the Prager Vierteljahrsschrift 1866, Bd. 90.—G. BAYLE op.
oit.\>. 68.
f W, STRICKER: Geschichte der Heilkunde in Frankfurt-a-M., 1847, S. 68.',**,
X PRANTL. op. cit. ii, 47.
" §1 G. LAMMERT : Geschichte des biirgerlichen Lebens, Regensburg a880,. S. 2.89.
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