BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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nay trong the tinh huOng that ngoai ddi. Trong qua trinh nay, Id thuat thu gian clang vai tro quan trong, ming vdi viec tiep can len dee bac thang kith thich gay to Tang to bac thdp den bac cao de xay ching su to tin va dat dude thanh ceng. Kith* hum luy0 su quyet doan K1 thuat man earn he thong la each can thiep có uu the del vdi nhang lo au hay sd hai ve can di xay ra trong cac tinh hu'eng kheng dinh dang den con nguai. Del veil ski lo Au mang tinh xa hei - nhang lo au co su hien dien cud con nguai — Wo1pe da phat tri6'n Id thuat hudn luyen su guy& doan. Skt quyet doan, von dude coi la kheng tuong thich vdi su lo au, can dude hudn luyen cho nhang thi sinh thay kJ-Le khan trong viec the hien cam giac did ho hay the hien nhung gi ho thich hay kheng thich. Nhung nguai nay thtiong hi lo Au trong cac tinh hu6ng xa hOi. Met cam giac to ai do that) ding co the dude coi la dac diem ph6 hien eila van de nay. Hanh vi quyet doan dude Wolpe (1973) dinh nghia la "each the hien tot bat ki met tinh cam nao ngoai su lo au del vai nguai khac". Quyet doan ce nghia la ngUdi do ea the the hien su gian, buc minh khi can, ding vai viec the hien tinh you va su than thien khi nhiing tinh cam nay la thich hop. Trong dieu tri, khach hang dude you eau tap duot met tinh huOng can den su quyet doan. Nhan vien CTXH ap dung met chuei hanh vi phan cap. Trude het, khach hang dude chi dan each eu xii nhu the nao (vi du: dude hudn luyen each dung dieu be co the, net mat, anh mat, va giong noi). Ti6p do, nhAn vien CTXH clang vai ngtidi "khac" trong tinh hueeng cho sari do va chi dAn khach hang each sit dung cac hanh vi quyet doan mai dude hoc (Ca dieu be ed the va nen tit). Bade ti6p theo la khien khach hang Hug hanh cac hanh vi mdi trong dat diOu tri nham phat tri6n cac chitin hide sit dung dude trong tinh hu6ng ngoai Gi6ng nhu ki thuat Tan earn he thong, khach hang xac dinh cac tinh hu6ng xa hai gay ra nhieu lo rang cho ha va phat trim cac kf nang kiem sok tang tinh hu6ng met. Met quy tae quan trong phai theo khi sit dung dttang huang nay la "se kheng tad ra met hanh clang quyet doan nao dem lai nhang hau qua trong phat lai khach hang". Goldfried va Davidson (1994) tin rang viec thi'eu quyet doan cim khach hang kheng dem lai su dei thay doi vdi hien trang eua ho, dac biet del vat nhang phu n3 bi lam dung. 139
Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra met "phan ung hieu qua nhd nhat" co it kha Mang dude dap lai vei met phan ling hung hang hoac thu dich. Khach hang cling phai dale day a the hien it /Mat nhung tinh cam tieu cite de eat dude 1(61 qua mong mugn (Prochaska va Norcross, 1999). Kithun't phan tich hanh vi i'mg dung Ki thuat phan tich hanh vi ling dung dua tren nhung nguyen tae dieu kien h6a co the dung, kidm tra cac lieu qua di sau met hanh vi. Nhung hau qua mang tinh mei truang nay, hay tinh ngau nhien, chi la tac nhan cling es hay tac nhan trong phat, deli co the deng dgn viec lieu khach hang se tigp tuc met hanh vi thich nghi sai hay hoc dude met hanh vi mai. Tinh ngau nhien mang tinh mai truong lien tuc lam hanh vi cua cluing to dinh hinh. Viet phan tich hanh vi ung dung la co' gang nham kiem soat hay thay dgi nhung neau nhien do de thay del hay sila chda hanh vi thich nghi sai hay de hugn luyen cac hanh vi thich nghi mdi. Ki thuyt kin'm scant sy viec ngiu nhien, six tuc thdi va lich trinh ding c6 Hau het cac chuong trinh digu tri dua tren hanh vi deli c6 khuynh huOng de' khach hang tang dude them met hanh vi mong mu6n nao do qua viec cling co hanh vi do. De viec cling c6 e6 hieu 14c, khach hang can phai hieu va thuc hien nhung nguyen tare de lam tang xac suit thanh gang. De the nhan cling c6 chide sit dung met each hieu qua, can thigt lap met sv viec ngau nhien. De viec nay thific hien dude, mot m6i thong quan phai dude xac lap girth viec san xual ra met hanh vi dich (met hanh vi can hinh thanh) hay met hanh vi Cu the nao do va tiep not ngay bang met tac nhan clang col Tac nhan cling c6 nay se tra nen nrau nhien nha viec ra dai cua met hanh vi mong mugn. Tac nhan cling c6 tang Ee) net ngay thi cang hieu qua va manh me Mtn trong viec thigt lap hanh vi dich. Ngu too nhan clang c6 khong dude dua ra sem sau khi hanh vi dich dude sin sinh, no se mat hieu luc. Dieu nay rat quan trong khi khach hang dang co gang thigt lap met hanh vi m6i. Khi mei tudng quan ngau nhien da dude thigt lap va hanh vi dich Bang dude san xugt ra, lich trinh mang co can phai dude xac dinh. Ban alit, met lick trinh lien tuc three ap dung, sau do la kieu ltch trinh gian loan. 140
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
Page 87 and 88: TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
Page 89 and 90: nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
Page 91 and 92: tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
Page 93 and 94: 6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
Page 95 and 96: cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
Page 97 and 98: them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
Page 99 and 100: 3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
Page 101 and 102: 3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
Page 103 and 104: Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
Page 105 and 106: qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
Page 107 and 108: nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
Page 109 and 110: can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
Page 111 and 112: Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
Page 113 and 114: Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
Page 115 and 116: chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
Page 117 and 118: Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
Page 119 and 120: cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
Page 121 and 122: Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
Page 123 and 124: dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
Page 125 and 126: thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
Page 127 and 128: TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
Page 129 and 130: gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
Page 131 and 132: 4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
Page 133 and 134: i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
Page 135 and 136: Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
Page 137: Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
Page 141 and 142: ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
Page 143 and 144: ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
Page 145 and 146: KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
Page 147 and 148: C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
Page 149 and 150: can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
Page 151 and 152: Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
Page 153 and 154: "Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
Page 155 and 156: chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
Page 157 and 158: 5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
Page 159 and 160: de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
Page 161 and 162: To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
Page 163 and 164: KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
Page 165 and 166: lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
Page 167 and 168: khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
Page 169 and 170: h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
Page 171 and 172: Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
Page 173 and 174: nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
Page 175 and 176: Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
Page 177 and 178: Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
Page 179 and 180: nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
Page 181 and 182: Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
Page 183 and 184: Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
Page 185 and 186: dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
Page 187 and 188: Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
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Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
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phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
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ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
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trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
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dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
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dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
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Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
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Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
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Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
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khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
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10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
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Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
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tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
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Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
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uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
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Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
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nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
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Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
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thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
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Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
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ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
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3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
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• Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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