BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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thong qua vial, xac dinh ale tieu hanh vi, the ki thuat li thuyet hoc 'ca hei de dat dune muc tieu va su dung nhung clang co' xa hei de Ea° digu kien cho qua trinh nay'. Thong qua so sank, tri lieu nhan thilc - hanh vi tap trung vao nheing awe tieu sau: (1) xac dinh cac van de gia dinh trong cac hanh vi, (2) gido due thanh vien gia dinh ye vai trO cua nhung nguai di trudc, thia hau qud va su nhan thUe anh Intang den hanh vi, (3) viec day cac phudng phap tiep can (4) vies the hien thai do va danh gia the thay dgi nhan tilde va hanh vi (Franklin va Jordan, 1999, trg. 82). Tri lieu gia dinh theo phan tam "Mix tieu cua tri lieu gia dinh theo phan tarn la giai phong cac thanh vien gia dinh khdi cac han the vo tilde a ho co the trao vdi nhau nhu nhung nguoi horn chinh, khoe manh" 2. Tri lieu gia dinh theo phan tam dua tren nen tang la the mei quan he thai tho au tac deng den tinh each va each thile der x& vdi ngtiai khac ciaa chUng ta. Tam diem cila phudng phap nay is vie° thong qua cac mau thuan da trai nghiem trong thai thO a de co ditec hieu bigt anh huang caa cac m6i quan he qua khii den cac mei quan he hien tai. Nth:Mg nha tri lieu gia dinh theo phan tam khOng be) Y Wag lam tong tac vdi ca 'than ma su dung no nhu nen tang aa mei quan he hien tai trong gia dinh. Tri lieu nam nu binh quygn Tri lieu nam n3 binh quyen la met phudng phap dieu tri. Trong cac phudng phap hau hien dai, khOng co met "su thuc" co that, chi co "su ante theo Chu quan", trong do the ca nhAn giai nghia cues sag cua ho theo nhung y nghia chuyen dal ho mang vao cuec sag tha ho. Trong thUe hanh hau hien dai, phan nay thtiong "co dac firth la lien ket, khong biet, to ma, phan anh" (Franklin va Jordan, 1999, trg. 149). N6 dila tren niem tin rang nghia ma met ngttai hudng vg nguai khac hay nhung trai nghiem thay c164 trong cuee sag khi con ngubi phan ling lai vdi nhang gi dude nOi ra. Tri lieu gia dinh nam nu binh quyen cho th'0 sp gAn 1(64 cac van de vg gidi cling nhu mei quan he quyenlUe de'u egn thief cho viec dia tri co hieu qua. Nichols, M. S. & Schwartz. R. (2001). Family therapy: Concepts and methods (5 11] ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 2 Nichols. M. S. & Schwartz. R. (2001). Family therapy: Concepts and methods (5 th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 250
Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cligp nhgn nhiing chuan Inge truyen thong ve gidi, chatng ay can kilo co the lam dupe gi de digu tri sat khac biet quygn he gifia the thanh viola trong gia dinh. Franklin va Jordan (1999) xac dinh nam ygu tete() thg ddoc xem xet de time hanh tri lieu gia dinh nam nu binh quygn: 1. Trong xa hot nay, su bat binh Bang gidi dii dude neu rd, va nhigu khi phu nu bi plain dna do ban chgt gia trdang oda xa 2. Nhung trai nghi'am cua nam gaol va nii gidi dupe coi la nhang diem m'Au chgt tha tat ea the higu biat khoa hoc xa hei thong qua nghien elm; a day, viec sd dung cac bai phOng van va nghien eau dan tee hoc de danh gia dupe da cao. 3. Plutong phap nay co met yea' t6 hanh &Mg xA het Nan nhgn manh chinh vao vice tang thang the digit kien ma phu nil trAi nghigm. 4. Vith binh clang nam n dat eau hOi ve ggc re ciaa nghien eitu truygn th6ng va each thdc ton tai cua thien vi nhom trong nghien eau nay, Idu ST rang nhiing nghien eau nay la san phgm caa xa hoi, cac nha nghien eau ga the se khong c6 With sg quan sat khaeh quan. 5 Cate nha eigu tranh binh quygn cam tha'y the nha nghien eau va cac chU the khong the chia tach dduc, thong thdong ho thich the mo hinh tudng the dg thigt lap thong tin hdn (Cox-Irian, 1991. trg. 329-330). Tri 110 tieu cut Tri lieu tieu cue da dude nhin nhgn trong cong the gia dinh nhang nam ga'n day. Tri lieu lieu cue thing dupe thiet lap trong ehii nghia xay dgng.Nhfing nha tri lieu gia dinh lieu cue tin rang "su trai nghiem tao nen sq mong dpi va su mong doi sau ctO tai tao lai su trai nghiern thong qua vies tao ra cac eau chuyen" (Nichols va Shwartz, 2001, trg. 387). Thong qua the eau chuyen ke lai, ngudi ta gan cho chting y nghia ciaa cuee sing va cac mei quan he Ada ho. Khi the eau chuyen kite)) lai, cluing ta giai ma nhung thong digp ma cac ca nhan gen cho su trai nghiam ena ho, va nhang thong diep nay thudng the hian quan diem rim ban than ho. Chang han, hay xem phan Ung elm hai ngddi kink nhau khi dude thong bao rang ho da de mai cd hei thang ben trong cong sage. Mat ngtibi dupe nugi lgn trong mat mai truring yeu thudng va h6 tro. Ngtioi kia dude nuei duting trong met mai truing bi lang quen va thin dich. Ngdai dau Lien co the cho rang vi the If do khong lien quan gi dgn ngdgi do, thing han do nhu can cult gang ti. Ngtthi thrt hai có 251
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
Page 197 and 198: 1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
Page 199 and 200: 1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
Page 201 and 202: Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
Page 203 and 204: 3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
Page 205 and 206: giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
Page 207 and 208: "dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
Page 209 and 210: Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
Page 211 and 212: cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
Page 213 and 214: Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
Page 215 and 216: 7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
Page 217 and 218: each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
Page 219 and 220: 3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
Page 221 and 222: Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
Page 223 and 224: cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
Page 225 and 226: Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
Page 227 and 228: Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
Page 229 and 230: 3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
Page 231 and 232: met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
Page 233 and 234: song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
Page 235 and 236: cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
Page 237 and 238: Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
Page 239 and 240: 4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
Page 241 and 242: Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
Page 243 and 244: Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
Page 245 and 246: Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
Page 247: nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
Page 251 and 252: phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
Page 253 and 254: ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
Page 255 and 256: trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
Page 257 and 258: dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265 and 266: Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
Page 267 and 268: khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 269 and 270: 10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289 and 290: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
Page 291 and 292: 3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
Page 293 and 294: • Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
Page 295 and 296: Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
Page 297 and 298: Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
Page 407:
Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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