BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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set dung ma tug' trong thieu nien eó kha nang bao gem nhUng muc tieu nhom khac nhau him la nhung nhom do ehinh thieu nien lap nen. Cuel muc tieu cua nhdm bi anh Miring bei li Wang cim cac ca nhan hay t6 cluac tai trO va uric muOn cua thanh vien. Tuyen chon va sang loc thitnh vien nhom: Cac thanh vier' nhom cO the duct nhan vien CTXH, t6 chiic hay ca nhan Iva chon. Nhigu khi, nhan vien CTXH trong met ed quan hay met t6 eh& se thal'y nhu cau thanh lap met nhom co the va dat ra viec thanh lap nhom trong khi di tim cac thanh vien tigm nang. Trong met se/ truang hop knee, c6 the se t6t hen khi phat trien rave tieu tru6e khi tuy6n chon thanh vien. Kling c6 met hieu diet ski sac vg muc Ceti, kha nang xay ra IA met s6 thanh vien se khong phii hop yen nhom. Viec Iva chon thanh vien c6 cac muc Lieu phQ hop vdi muc tieu cua nhdm va cee muc tieu han dau de clang tao digu kien cho viec tham gia va tang along giao tigp. Mgt khAc, neu cac thanh vien trong nh6m &tot Iva chon sem, moo tieu dim nhom c.6 the tra thanh cu the, cling hueng vdi cac nhu eau va tide mu6n cUa thanh vien thong qua viec ho nhap vao cac thong tin. Qua trinh tuyen chon thanh vien la khac nhau yea mgi nhom. Trong cac nhOm digu tri, cac thanh vien duct tim tha'y khi nhan vien CTXH thief hap nhu eau cho nhom. Cac trUeng hop eim nhan vien CTXH khac di the goi cho the thanh vien tigm nang. \Rh mot muc tieu va muc dich re rang, nhan vien CTXH se de clang hen trong viec dank gia nhung ngttoi c6 the phu hop vdi nhom. Khi cac thanh vien oda nhOm da duct xac dinh, nhan vien CTXH c6 the bat deu thu th'ap du lieu vd cac thanh vien, vg roue tieu va muc dich ena ho d6i vdi nh6m. Viet nay cling cho phep cac thanh vien c6 tigm nang not chuyen vdi nhan vien CTXH de xem ho ce phit hop vdi nhom khong. Trong cac nhdm lam nhiem vu, cac thanh vien tigm nang thttang duct tuyen chon vi chuyen men, sue manh, sv quan tam eda ho trong viec thVc hien muc tielu oda nhom. Doi khi nhan vien CTXH phai lam viec vdi nhung ngUai khac de Iva chon throe cac thanh vien phi hop. O nhiang tinh hu6ng khac, cac nha lanh dao ce the dua ra quygt dinh ve viec ai se ginp nhOm nhigu nha't de hoan thanh nhiem vu. Trong met so' nhom, nhu cac Ong dOng trong \rung, viec hia chon thanh vien cO the khong xay ra vi moi thanh vien trong yang dgu c6 quygn, It hogc nhigu, gigi quygt nhiem vu. Ngt.toc lai, trong met ban giam d6c co quan CTXH hay cac thanh vien cUa met t6 302
chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai cu the de tham gia van nh6m vi nhiing dac tinh ca nhan va chuyen mon. Khi cac ca nhan quyet dinh lieu co tham gia vac) nh6m hay khong, viec Chia se vai ho nhung thong tin ban c6 ve t6 chac hay ed quan do se rat hitu hieu. Dieu nay cho phep cac thanh vien dem nang to sang loc ngu ho kh8ng phi). NI) volt mue tieu hay khong quan tam den nhom. Phat trie'n khong gian dia 11 va tai lieu: Moi truang de nhom gap gt) la rat quan trong cho qua trinh hoat &mg. Cac khu chat chiii hay bau khOng khi nget ngat c6 the anh hoong den thai dp va tam trang cua nhOm. Nhan vien CTXH nen shay cam vdi \Tail de rieng to va dia diem dude chon phai dam bao la rieng biet. Them naa, dia diem can phai phu hOp vOi giao tiep mat del mat. Met phong co cac bAn bi gan vao sari nha khong phu hOp vai cac hoat deng caa nhom. Cac tai lieu silt dung trong qua trinh float deng nh6m phu thuec van kik nhOm. Trong met se nhOm digu tri, viec chua'n bi cac tai lieu la khOng quan trong vi t.1.1 nhom do se Intong dan qua trinh va chi silt dung nem nga va nhung hanh deng phi lai. Trong cac nhom digu tri giao due tam li hoc, se can thigt phat trien tai lieu vi trinh hay la met phaU cua qua trinh hoc nh6m. Cac nhom lam nhiem vu not rieng se silt dung nhung tai lieu do ngoai lanh dao va tu cac thAnh vien chu'an bi de lam viec cua minh. Trong met s6 nh6m, thanh vien c6 the nggi tai ban va tai lieu dude phat ra moi ngoat sit dung. Tuy nhien, trong met se truang hOp, met cai bAn co the khong phi) hop vi ne lam han the giao tiep phi lai (Toseland va Rivas, 2001). Mai truang ciia phOng hop phai phu hOp vdi cac muc tieu cUa nhom. Hinh thanh nh6m Viec hinh thanh nhom cling Wen ra o giai doan dau tien. Ski tu tap vai nhau cua cac thanh vien trong nhom co the la met tinh hufing nhi. Cac ca nhan tham gia nh6m vai met chuan mue dude nhan thac trtidc ve chuyen no se nhti the MM. Nhang mong ddi va kinh nghiem trot& do cUa h9 vdi ode nhom Wong tki se hinh thanh co eau ling xu. Garland, Jones, va Kolodny' gan thai ki nay viii thuat nga phoong phap tiep can (approach) va nhung Garland, J.. Jones, H.. & Kolodny, R. (1976). A model of stages of group development in social work groups. In S. Bernstein (Ed.), Explorations in group work (pp 17-7I). Boston: Charles River Books. 303
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
Page 249 and 250: Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
Page 251 and 252: phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
Page 253 and 254: ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
Page 255 and 256: trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
Page 257 and 258: dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265 and 266: Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
Page 267 and 268: khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 269 and 270: 10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289 and 290: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
Page 291 and 292: 3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
Page 293 and 294: • Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
Page 295 and 296: Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
Page 297 and 298: Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
Page 299: Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
Page 303 and 304: nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
Page 305 and 306: ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
Page 307 and 308: khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
Page 309 and 310: viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
Page 311 and 312: (3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
Page 313 and 314: nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
Page 315 and 316: Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
Page 317 and 318: • Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
Page 319 and 320: Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
Page 321 and 322: Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
Page 323 and 324: dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
Page 325 and 326: va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
Page 327 and 328: Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
Page 329 and 330: Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
Page 331 and 332: Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
Page 333 and 334: Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
Page 335 and 336: Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
Page 337 and 338: clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
Page 339 and 340: Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
Page 341 and 342: nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
Page 343 and 344: can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
Page 345 and 346: deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
Page 347 and 348: Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
Page 349 and 350: thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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